On December 31, 2017, Sage Inc. has a machine with a book value of $1,071,600. The original cost and related accumulated depreciation at this date are as follows.

Machine $1,482,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation 410,400

Book value $1,071,600

Depreciation is computed at $68,400 per year on a straight-line basis.

Presented below is a set of independent situations. For each independent situation, indicate the journal entry to be made to record the transaction. Make sure that depreciation entries are made to update the book value of the machine prior to its disposal.

A fire completely destroys the machine on August 31, 2018. An insurance settlement of $490,200 was received for this casualty. Assume the settlement was received immediately. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.)

Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

August 31, 2018 (To record current depreciation.)

August 31, 2018 (To record loss of the machine.)

On April 1, 2018, Sage sold the machine for $1,185,600 to Dwight Yoakam Company. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit April 1, 2018 (To record current depreciation.) April 1, 2018 (To record sale of the machine.)

On July 31, 2018, the company donated this machine to the Mountain King City Council. The fair value of the machine at the time of the donation was estimated to be $1,254,000. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit July 31, 2018 (To record current depreciation.) July 31, 2018 (To record donation of the machine.)

On December 31, 2017, Tamarisk Inc. has a machine with a book value of $1,052,800. The original cost and related accumulated depreciation at this date are as follows. Machine $1,456,000 Less: Accumulated depreciation 403,200 Book value $1,052,800 Depreciation is computed at $67,200 per year on a straight-line basis. Presented below is a set of independent situations. For each independent situation, indicate the journal entry to be made to record the transaction. Make sure that depreciation entries are made to update the book value of the machine prior to its disposal. A fire completely destroys the machine on August 31, 2018. An insurance settlement of $481,600 was received for this casualty. Assume the settlement was received immediately. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit August 31, 2018 (To record current depreciation.) August 31, 2018 (To record loss of the machine.) On April 1, 2018, Tamarisk sold the machine for $1,164,800 to Dwight Yoakam Company. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit April 1, 2018 (To record current depreciation.) April 1, 2018 (To record sale of the machine.) On July 31, 2018, the company donated this machine to the Mountain King City Council. The fair value of the machine at the time of the donation was estimated to be $1,232,000. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit July 31, 2018 (To record current depreciation.) July 31, 2018 (To record donation of the machine.)

Database systems and Information systems

An information system performs three sets of services:

• It provides for data collection, storage, and retrieval.
• It facilitates the transformation of data into information.
• It provides the tools and conditions to manage both data and information.

Basically, a database is a fact (data) repository that serves an information system. If the database is designed poorly, one can hardly expect that the data/information transformation will be successful, nor is it reasonable to expect efficient and capable management of data and information.

The transformation of data into information is accomplished through application programs. It is impossible to produce good information from poor data; and, no matter how sophisticated the application programs are, it is impossible to use good application programs to overcome the effects of bad database design. In short: Good database design is the foundation of a successful information system.

Database design must yield a database that:

• Does not fall prey to uncontrolled data duplication, thus preventing data anomalies and the attendant lack of data integrity.
• Is efficient in its provision of data access.
• Serves the needs of the information system.

The last point deserves emphasis: even the best-designed database lacks value if it fails to meet information system objectives. In short, good database designers must pay close attention to the information system requirements.

Systems design and database design are usually tightly intertwined and are often performed in parallel. Therefore, database and systems designers must cooperate and coordinate to yield the best possible information system.  

The SDLC traces the history (life cycle) of an information system. The DBLC traces the history (life cycle) of a database system. Since we know that the database serves the information system, it is not surprising that the two life cycles conform to the same basic phases.

There are two basic approaches to database design: top‑down and bottom‑up.

Top‑down design begins by identifying the different entity types and the definition of each entity's attributes. In other words, top‑down design:

• starts by defining the required data sets and then
• defines the data elements for each of those data sets.

Bottom‑up design:

• first defines the required attributes and then
• groups the attributes to form entities.

Although the two methodologies tend to be complementary, database designers who deal with small databases with relatively few entities, attributes, and transactions tend to emphasize the bottom‑up approach. Database designers who deal with large, complex databases usually find that a primarily top‑down design approach is more appropriate.

Even if a generally top‑down approach is selected, the normalization process that revises existing table structures is (inevitably) a bottom‑up technique. E-R models constitute a top-down process even if the selection of attributes and entities may be described as bottom-up. Since both the E-R model and normalization techniques form the basis for most designs, the top‑down vs. bottom-up debate may be based on a distinction without a difference.  

Assignment

Write two to three paragraphs answering each of the following questions:

• What are business rules? Why are they important to a database designer?
• What is the data dictionary's function in database design?
• What factors are important in a DBMS software selection?

create a todo app using React and MongoDB. User can also delete the tasks, add tasks, update tasks and edit tasks using edit, del, update and add button.

"Database design" is the second phase in the database life cycle. This phase focuses on the design of the database model that will support an organisation’s operations and objectives. Explain key activities along with relevant examples in the context of designing a database to support the medical practice’s patient appointments system.  

Based on the definition of a transaction as “a logical unit of work that must be entirely completed or aborted; no intermediate states are accepted”, use a specific example to demonstrate why no intermediate states are accepted.

1. Explain how the physical design of a database influences performance tuning.

2.Explain three ways queries can be altered to increase database performance.

3. Present specific examples to illustrate how implementing each query alteration could optimize the database.

1- True/False _______ All access. such as requests to read records, updates, deletions and additions, for data from application programs (apps) related to data residing on a centralized database goes through the DBMS in order to be performed.

2-True/False   ____ When a database is designed, the Database Administrator designates the organization’s single, allowable and standard programming language, such as Java, that must be used by the apps whenever accessing the database.

3- True/False ___ When preparing to design a new database it is generally not worth the time and effort to interview the users, examine existing files, reports and forms because they most likely will be flawed or of little value and can distract the designer from her important tasks related to the new DB.

4-True/False _____ Designing Databases is optimally accomplished by closely following strict database guidelines in order to complete the task by a single focused effort.

On 30 June 2018, the Statement of Financial Position of Emerald Ltd showed the following non-current asset after charging depreciation:

As of 30 June 2018, the company decided to adopt the revaluation model for the plant. Therefore, on 30 June 2018, an independent valuer assessed the fair value of the plant to be $280,000 with a remaining useful life of 7 years.

On 30 June 2019, the plant was revalued again to its fair value of 195,000 with a the remaining useful life of 6 years.

The income tax rate is 30% and the company uses straight-line depreciation for all property, plant and equipment.

Required:

Prepare all necessary entries related to the plant from 30 June 2018 to 30 June 2019.   

On 30 June 2018, the Statement of Financial Position of Emerald Ltd showed the following non-current asset after charging depreciation:

As of 30 June 2018, the company decided to adopt the revaluation model for the plant. Therefore, on 30 June 2018, an independent valuer assessed the fair value of the plant to be $280,000 with a remaining useful life of 7 years.

On 30 June 2019, the plant was revalued again to its fair value of 195,000 with a the remaining useful life of 6 years.

The income tax rate is 30% and the company uses straight-line depreciation for all property, plant and equipment.

Required:

Prepare all necessary entries related to the plant from 30 June 2018 to 30 June 2019.

Green Thumb Garden Supplies reported the following information for 2017 and 2018.
                                                                                       2018           2017
       Assets
       Cash                                                                 $ 50,000    $ 45,000
       Accounts receivable                                             35,000        25,000
       Inventory                                                             25,000        20,000
       Property, plant, and equipment                         240,000      210,000
       Total assets                                                      $350,000    $300,000

       Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
       Current liabilities                                             $ 65,000    $ 60,000
       Non-current liabilities                                        110,000        90,000
       Shareholders’ equity—common                        175,000      150,000
       Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity        $350,000    $300,000

       Income statement for 2018
       Sales                                                                  $95,000
       Cost of goods sold                                               45,000
       Gross profit                                                         50,000
       Operating expenses                                             15,000
       Income before income tax                                   35,000
       Income tax expense                                               5,000
       Net income                                                        $30,000

What is the receivables turnover ratio for 2018?