Clinical Reasoning Report

This assessment task aims to develop your ability to apply the first three phases of the clinical reasoning process, at an introductory level, to the patient scenario below.

Patient Scenario - Jessie Lin

You are a student nurse working with a school nurse (registered nurse) in a secondary school. You and your mentor are supervising a bubble soccer match this afternoon (26^th March) which commenced at 1400 hrs. The match goes for 40 minutes with a 5 minute break in between the two halves. It is a hot and sunny day, the air temperature is 32 ^oC and the humidity is 45%.

After the match, your mentor asks you to perform a range of health assessments to make sure the students are fit to go home.

Jessie Lin is 16 years old and in Year 11.

It is now 1450 hours. You assess Jessie's vital signs and record the following results:

• Temperature (tympanic) 38.5 ^oC
• Pulse rate 140 beats/min
• Respiratory rate (RR) 29 breaths/min
• Blood pressure (BP) 130/70 mmHg

Jessie has flushed skin and her t-shirt is soaked. Her past medical history has not yet been documented in the school record as she is a new student and only enrolled in the school last week after moving from another state. She informs you that her mother is waiting for her in the car park, but she feels very hot and that her heart feels like it is beating very fast. She asks you for a bottle of cold water and a chair.

Jessie's previous observation records (on a clinical chart) are:

What you need to do in your clinical reasoning report

• Provide a concise summary of Jessie's situation as an introduction to your report (approximately 50 words) - what pertinent information would someone reading your report need to know about who Jessie is and the context of this scenario?
• List the objective and subjective data (cues) that you have gathered from reviewing the information provided above (approx. 50 words)
• Analyse and interpret the identified cues and explain the assessment findings in relation to Jessie's context (approx. 450 words)
  
  To do this successfully, you should:
  • categorise the cues and identify what elements are normal or abnormal, and
  • compare the current situation and vital signs with previous health information known about Jessie, and
  • recall and apply knowledge of anatomy and principles of physiology (including concepts of homeostasis and the body's responses to physical activity) to explain her vital signs and other cues.
• Then propose what further cues you want to collect and explain why these are relevant and important to the situation (approx. 450 words)
  
  To do this successfully, you will need to form a logical opinion about what the further cues should be, when you would undertake the assessments to collect these cues (e.g. after some immediate actions for Jessie) and why these cues should be assessed. Relate your justification to Jessie's situation AND to the principles of anatomy and normal physiology (focusing on homeostasis).

Assessment criteria and marking rubric. Your clinical reasoning report will be assessed against the following criteria:

1. Apply a beginner's level of clinical reasoning to assess and interpret health information in relation to the patient's context.
2. Question 2. Apply knowledge of anatomy and principles of physiology to explain assessment findings in relation to the patient's context.  (including concepts of homeostasis and the body's responses to physical activity) to explain her vital signs and other cues.
3. Question 3. Apply a beginner's level of clinical reasoning to propose and justify further cues that are to be collected in relation to the patient's context

(Though these questions has been answered, please help me with quest 2 & 3 in Assessment criteria section . I basically joined this forum for these questions, as i have already done the rest. Thank you in advance).

Regarding the fracture mechanism of metals, polymers and ceramics

(a) Explain why FCC metals show a ductile fracture even at low temperatures while BCC metals do not.

(b) What is crazing? What can you say about the Poisson’s ratio of the crazed material?

(c) Generally, in ceramics, intergranular fracture is preferred to cleavage fracture; however, in metals, transgranular fracture is the preferred mechanism for brittle failure. Why? Use a physical reason supported with an equation in your answer.

Consider a Cassegrain-focus, reflecting telescope. Images recorded at Cassegrain-focus will be:

A. Oriented the same as in the sky

B. Flipped compared to what is in the sky    

C. Rotated clockwise compared to what is in the sky

D. Rotated counter-clockwise compared to what is in the sky

[For a rating, please explain, in detail, the correct answer)

Think about and identify several internal and several external environmental factors that affect marketers’ choices across the 4Ps+1 (think about that first section of the marketing plan). Discuss how specific internal and/or external factors can influence what products or services companies sell to customers, and discuss how specific internal and/or external factors can influence effective strategies using the other marketing mix elements.

1) A random sample of 20 male German Shepherds found that their average weight was 112 pounds with a standard deviation of 28 pounds. A random sample of 14 male Dobermans found that their average weight is 107 pounds with a standard deviation of 24 pounds. Assume that weights are normally distributed. Use the Statcato printout below and a 5% significance level to test the claim that the population mean average weight of male German Shepherds (population 1) is more than the population mean average weight of male Doberman Pinchers (population 2). What does this data indicate about the relationship between the weight and the type of dog? Please explain why or why not the categorical variable is related to the quantitive variable?

c) Check all of the assumptions for a two-population mean T-test. Explain your answers. Does the problem meets all the assumptions?

d) Write a sentence to explain the T-test statistic.

e) Use the test statistics and the critical value to determine if the sample data significantly disagrees with the null hypothesis. Explain your answer.

g) Use the P-value and significance level to determine if the sample data could have occurred

by random chance (sampling variability) or is it unlikely to random chance? Explain your answer.

Develop a marketing plan for an existing or a fictitious company that plans to launch kefir chocolate.

This marketing plan should include these parts specifically; product, target market, price, place, promotion and SWOT Analysis of the product.

The parts in the below should be explained deeply.

Product: What is your product? Why do you think this idea would work in Turkey? Provide a 1-sentence mission statement as the producer/marketer of this offering. What is your competitive advantage with 1 sentence?

Target Market: Who is your target market, give a detailed account of your target market; who are they? What bases of segmentation are you using and why? State at least 2 different segmentation criteria that you prefer to use. Refer to the segmentation strategies

Price: What is your pricing strategy? Why are you using this pricing strategy?

Place: Where will you sell your product and why? Will you use direct or indirect channels?

Promotion: Hypothetically, create a marketing communications campaign for this product.What promotion (communication) mix elements will you use and why? Where (what media) will you use to communicate your product? Explain why you’ve chosen this particular media type.

SWOT Analysis:Make a SWOT analysis for your product/service. Write 3 strengths, 3 weaknesses, 2 opportunities, and 2 threats.If you only write one word and do not provide any explanation next to it, I won’t be able to understand what you think.

Please write clearly

5.            In 2016, over 42,000 people were killed by opioid overdoses. The effects of the issue are not limited to fatalities. An additional issue is the lack of proper development among young adolescent users during a critical phase of brain maturation. One method of reducing opioid abuse is to reduce the availability of prescription opioids.   In 2010, 54 percent of students in 12th grade believed that prescription opioids were easily accessible. In a 2017 study, one agency surveyed three high schools in the northeast and found 266 of the 500 12th grade students surveyed believed prescription opioids were easily accessible in their community.

                a.            Is the above information sufficient for you to be certain that the percentage of all 12th graders who believe prescription opioids are easily accessible has declined? Why or why not?

                b.            In establishing a statistical hypothesis testing of this situation, give the required null and alternative hypotheses for a test to determine if the percent of 12th graders who believe opioids are easily accessible has declined from 2010.

                                                H0:

                                                H1:

                c.             Based on your answer in part b, should you use a right-tailed, a left-tailed, or a two-tailed test? Briefly explain how one determines which of the three possibilities is to be used.            

                d.            Describe the possible Type I error for this situation--make sure to state the error in terms of the percent of 12th graders and their beliefs about opioid accessibility.                                          

                e.            Describe the possible Type II error for this situation--make sure to state the error in terms of the percent of 12th graders and their beliefs about opioid accessibility.          

                f.             Determine the appropriate critical value(s) for this situation given a 0.01 significance level.           

                g.            Determine/calculate the value of the sample's test statistic.         

                h.            Determine the P-value.                                                                

                i.              Based upon your work above, should you "Reject the null hypothesis" or "Fail to reject the null hypothesis?" Explain why.

                j.             Based upon your work above (and overlooking the flaws in the survey method), is there statistically sufficient evidence in this sample to support the claim that the percent of 12th graders who believe opioids are easily accessible has declined from 2010? Briefly explain your reasoning.

A car manufacturer claims that 52% of Americans are interested in having internet access in their cars. In a simple random sample of 300 Americans, 161 stated they were interested in having web access in their cars. Test the hypothesis that more than 52% of Americans are interested in having internet access in their cars. Assume independence. Use .05 as the level of significance.

Complete the steps below:

a) Write the null and alternative hypotheses using proper notation.

b) Explain how each of the conditions of CLT are met.

c) Give the z-test statistic AND the p-value.

d) Using your p-value, what is your decision about the null hypothesis.

e) What is your conclusion regarding whether or not more than 52% of Americans are interested in having web access in their cars? Be sure to use the phrase statistically significant.