Principles of Macroeconomics

Discussion: Fiscal Policy
Please respond with a minimum of 100 words

Compare and contrast the use of government spending changes versus tax changes as a means of influencing the course of the economy. Is one or the other preferable in specific situations? Imagine for a moment that you have two roommates, who each have opposing viewpoints on nearly everything, including politics and economics. Taylor is adamant that the best way to manage the economy is through tax changes, while Morgan insists that it’s better to adjust the economy through government spending. What would a Neoclassical economist say? What would a Keynesian economist say? Which roommate do you agree with, and why? Find a news article to help support your opinion. Summarize the article and include the link to in your response.

E1-12B The summaries of data from the balance sheet, income statement, and retained earnings statement for two corporations, Yeagen Corporation and Williams’ Enterprises, are presented below for 2014.

Instructions

Determine the missing amounts. Assume all changes in stockholders’ equity are due to changes in retained earnings.

Here is a break-even analysis model.

Do the following two tasks.

Recall that the Break-even point is when Profit equal zero, or Revenue minus Total Cost equals zero.

Here is the Break-even formula:

Suppose the law changes such that individuals can contribute twice as many dollars per year to their Individual Retirement Accounts and avoid paying taxes on this money until they retire. This will cause a shift in the                            [ Select ]                       ["supply of", "demand for"]         funds curve and as a result the equilibrium interest rate will                            [ Select ]                       ["increase", "decrease"]         .

Suppose the law changes and the corporate income tax rate has been cut in half. As a result we can expect a shift in the                            [ Select ]                       ["supply of", "demand for"]         funds curve and as a result the equilibrium interest rate will                            [ Select ]                       ["increase", "decrease"]         .

Suppose both of these changes happen at the same time. As a result we can expect the equilibrium interest rate to                            [ Select ]                       ["increase", "decrease", "uncertain"]         and the equilibrium quantity of funds supplied and demanded to                            [ Select ]                       ["increase", "decrease", "uncertain"]         .

Consider AD, SRAS and LRAS for the economy of country Xantron.

1.1 Suppose Xantron is having real GDP lower than $1 million in a short-run situation, compared to Xantron's potential GDP. Give an example what might have caused this kind of situation in Xantron that could be mitigated by Monetary Policy. What kind of monetary policy could be useful for the economy of Xantron to restore potential GDP? Explain short-run and long-run dynamics ( changes/shifts/movements relating to AD, SRAS, LRAS, changes in price level, output level etc. associated with this particular Monetary policy)

1.2 Suppose in a short-run situation Xantron has real GDP exceeding potential GDP by $1 million. Give an example what might have caused this kind of situation in Xantron that could be mitigated by Monetary policy. What kind of Monetary policy could be useful for the economy of Xantron to restore potential GDP? Explain short-run and long-run dynamics (changes/shifts/movements relating to AD, SRAS, LRAS, changes in price level, output levels etc. associated with this particular Monetary policy)

Many consider early and middle adulthood times of relatively little growth, but adults encounter a multitude of tasks and changes during these phases. For instance, the quality of relationships change, vocational choice might be solidified, formal education might be completed, parenting responsibilities might be present, and changes in physical capacities might set limits on behavior. An adult's perceived success or failure can influence his/her sense of self and ability to accomplish tasks and navigate changes in early and middle adulthood.

In the United States, individuation is an important aspect of adulthood. Individuation refers to processes by which you become a unique individual with a distinct sense of identity. The process is sometimes identified as separation-individuation (Berger, 2016). Adulthood is the period in which roles change from that of a dependent child to a more autonomous individual with different responsibilities and commitments.

Boucher and Maslach (2009) discuss how the type of culture—individualistic or collectivistic—can influence the degree of individuation. Think about how cultural differences can influence the changes that adults face during early and middle adulthood. The influence of culture on these changes impacts individuation. Consider collectivist societies that value conformity over individuality. How does that impact an individual's sense of uniqueness?

1. Select one aspect of adulthood (identity development, vocational development, relationships, or parenting).

2. Post a description of the aspect of adulthood you selected.

3. Then, explain individuation in terms of that aspect. Include an explanation of the challenges that might influence individuation.

4. Be specific and provide examples from the Learning Resources. Use proper APA format and citations.

Hello,

can you assist with the below and show all work?

Target costs:
Medical Instruments uses a manufacturing costing system with one direct cost category (direct materials) and three indirect cost categories:
a. Setup, production order, and materials-handling costs that vary with the number of batches.
b. Manufacturing operations costs that vary with machine-hours.
c. Costs of engineering changes that vary with the number of engineering changes made

A) calculate the manufacturing cost per unit of HJ6 in 2017

B) calculate the manufacturing cost per unit of HJ6 in 2018

C) Did medical instruments achieve the target manufacturing cost per unit in HJ6 in 2018

Hans Dietz is a 25 year old male patient with a family history of Marfan Syndrome (MFS). He is generally well and enjoys attending regular fitness sessions in his local gymnasium. During a recent gym session, he experienced dizziness followed by a fainting episode. He presented at the emergency department and a new systolic murmur was heard. Mr Dietz subsequently underwent screening for cardiovascular abnormalities associated with his family history of Marfan Syndrome.

Question 1

The fibrous structure of the heart is comprised predominantly of connective tissue proteins.

Describe the microscopic composition of the layers of the mitral valve. Your answer must include a description of the connective tissue element, the cell types found in each layer and how the layers are arranged (i.e. their structure or architecture).

Question 2

Upon further evaluation with an echocardiogram (cardiac ultrasound), Mr Dietz was found to have an enlarged (dilated) proximal ascending aorta, mitral valve prolapse with myxomatous changes and elongated chordae.

The patient was noted as having myxomatous changes in the mitral valve leaflets and associated elongation of the chordae tendineae. Explain what is meant by the term myxomatous changes. Your answer must include a description of the cellular and structural changes that occur within the valve.

Question 3

Where on the body would be the ideal position for the clinician to auscultate for a systolic murmur associated with the mitral valve?

Question 4

Describe the secondary complications (or consequences) that will occur as a result of the changes in the structure of the mitral valve in a patient with Marfan syndrome. Your answer should link to the clinical sign of the new systolic murmur noted in this patient.

Suppose that two concurrent changes occur in each of the following markets. In each case, indicate what will happen to the price and quantity traded as a result.

Changes affecting demand

1. Incomes decrease.

2. The price of a substitute product increases.

3. The price of a complementary product increases.

4. Population increases.

5. Buyers expect the price to fall in the future.

Changes affecting supply

A. The price of inputs (resources) falls.

B. The price of a substitution in production increases.

C. Technological improvement occurs.

D. The number of suppliers decreases.

E. Sellers expect the price to fall in the future.

a) Assume that changes 1 and E occur, and the market is for an inferior product.

Equilibrium price:  (Click to select)  indeterminate  increase  decrease  no change

Equilibrium quantity:  (Click to select)  increase  decrease  indeterminate  no change

b) Assume that changes 2 and B occur, and the market is for a normal product.

Equilibrium price:  (Click to select)  decrease  increase  indeterminate  no change

Equilibrium quantity:  (Click to select)  increase  indeterminate  decrease  no change

c) Assume that changes 3 and E occur, and the market is for a normal product.

Equilibrium price:  (Click to select)  increase  indeterminate  decrease  no change

Equilibrium quantity:  (Click to select)  increase  indeterminate  decrease  no change

d) Assume that changes 5 and C occur, and the market is for a normal product.

Equilibrium price:  (Click to select)  decrease  increase  indeterminate  no change

Equilibrium quantity:  (Click to select)  increase  decrease  indeterminate  no change

Question 2:

a. If price elasticity of demand is -0.5 and price decreases by 2 percent, quantity demanded will   (Click to select)  decreases  increases  by  (Click to select)  > 2 percent  −2 percent  < 2 percent  .

b. If price elasticity of demand is -1.3 and price increases by 2 percent, quantity demanded will  (Click to select)  increases  decreases  by  (Click to select)  −2 percent  > 2 percent  < 2 percent  .

Question 3.

Refer to the demand schedule below:

Price increases from $30 to $40.

Demand is  (Click to select)  unit-elastic  elastic  inelastic  , and total revenue  (Click to select)  increases  stays the same  decreases  .

In a 1993 article in Accounting and Business Research, Meier, Alam, and Pearson studied auditor lobbying on several proposed U.S. accounting standards that affect banks and savings and loan associations. As part of this study, the authors investigated auditors’ positions regarding proposed changes in accounting standards that would increase client firms’ reported earnings. It was hypothesized that auditors would favor such proposed changes because their clients’ managers would receive higher compensation (salary, bonuses, and so on) when client earnings were reported to be higher. The following table summarizes auditor and client positions (in favor or opposed) regarding proposed changes in accounting standards that would increase client firms’ reported earnings. Here the auditor and client positions are cross-classified versus the size of the client firm.

You will need to type in the FOUR pieces of data into Minitab, along with column headings LARGE and SMALL (firms). Data go into the white cells in Minitab, starting with row 1. Column headings go in the grey shaded cells in Minitab. Do not type in the totals, as those are not new pieces of data.

a) Auditor Positions

(b) Client Positions

(a) Test to determine whether auditor positions regarding earnings-increasing changes in accounting standards depend on the size of the client firm. Use α = .05. (Round your expected frequencies to 2 decimal places. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

x2 =  ; so  (Click to select)  Do not reject  Reject   H₀: independence for auditor positions regarding earnings-increasing changes.

(b) Test to determine whether client positions regarding earnings-increasing changes in accounting standards depend on the size of the client firm. Use α = .05. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

x2 =  ; so  (Click to select)  Do not reject  Reject   H₀: independence for client positions regarding earnings-increasing changes.

(d) Does the relationship between position and the size of the client firm seem to be similar for both auditors and clients?

• Yes

• No