An education researcher is interested in students’ motivation to study local history. The researcher believes that if students experience a particular form of positive coaching, then they will be more likely to show interest in local history.

This researcher is testing two hypotheses. The first is that the coaching boosts self-efficacy and has an effect on students’ motivation. The second is that this treatment effect is moderated by year in school. Past research has suggested that there should not be a main effect for school year. However, to control for this possibility, a 2-way (2x2) factorial ANOVA is being conducted to account for any influence from school year, the treatment, and the interaction of the two main effects.

To test the hypotheses, the research has obtained 28 participants: 14 year-7 students and 14 year-10 students. From each group of 14, 7 students were randomly chosen for the treatment group. After the treatment, all students were given the same test. This test has been used in previous research, has a range of 0 to 100, and measures students’ interest in issues relating to local history. (The higher the test score, the more positive the result.)

Use a 2x2 ANOVA with α=0.02α=0.02 to test the the data and evaluate the hypotheses. Results are provided below for each group of students.

( 1a ) What is the F value for the treatment effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 2 decimal place.)

( 1b ) What is the p-value for the F value for the treatment effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 4 decimal places.)

( 1c ) Does this support the researcher's hypothesis that the treatment has an effect on interest in local history?

• yes
• no

( 2a ) What is the F value for the school-year effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 2 decimal place.)

( 2b ) What is the p-value for the F value for the school-year effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 4 decimal places.)

( 2c ) Does this support the researcher's assumption that school-year does NOT have an effect on interest in local history?

• yes
• no

( 3a ) What is the F value for the interaction effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 2 decimal place.)

( 3b ) What is the p-value for the F value for the interaction effect?  
(Report answer accurate to 4 decimal places.)

( 3c ) Does this support the researcher's hypothesis that the treatment effect is moderated by school-year?

• yes
• no

( 4 ) Based on these findings, which group can you say had the higher average on the test?

• year-7 students
• year-10 students
• group with no coaching
• group with positive coaching
• year-7 students in the control group
• year-10 students in the control group
• year-7 students in the treatment group
• year-10 students in the treatment group

Financial Accounting: Question about Business Ethics

Maurice Stokes was one of the best classmates of Roy Russell while he studied his MBA in the USA. Maurice grew up in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita ranked 187 out of 191 countries due to adverse geopolitics and civil wars in the past. Maurice is talented and hard working. He went through his bachelor degree in Ethiopia and luckily won a scholarship to study an MBA in the USA. Right after he got his MBA degree, Maurice joined AB&T, the world’s biggest mobile phone service provider, as a management trainee. After 5 years’ working in the USA, Maurice was assigned to work as the Vice President in Addis Ababa, where AB&T’s African headquarter is located, to oversee all African operations.

After his MBA graduation, Roy Russell joined his father’s family business– a medium size mobile phone service provider in Hong Kong. Three years later, AB&T acquired Roy’s family business and retained all existing staff. Roy then became an employee of AB&T and he was happy to work for a multinational company with good reputation. After 3 years’ working as financial controller in AB&T’s Singapore office, Roy was offered an opportunity for promotion to work as chief financial officer (CFO) in its African headquarter in Addis Ababa. Eager to get more international exposure, Roy said yes to this offer. This is how Roy came to a reunion with Maurice.

AB&T provides its senior employees in Addis Ababa with a monthly housing allowance of up to $2,500. Compared with the US standard, most of the housing in Addis Ababa is of low quality, and in many regions the law and order are bad. By giving a generous allowance, AB&T aims to ensure that its senior employees live in areas that are safe, convenient and comfortable to ensure that senior executives can have good rest, that they live in a district that is appropriate to the company’s reputation. For housing allowance claim, senior executives need to hand in their monthly receipts for reimbursement. Every month Maurice submits a bill of $2,500 from his landlord to the finance office for re-imbursement. Roy suggested paying a visit Maurice’s house for a few times. However, every time Maurice rejected this suggestion, claiming that he had never entertained any coworkers at home so that his family members would not be distributed. Roy considered this understandable and so did not insist.

After working for six months in Addis Ababa, Roy had a business dinner with a supplier. The supplier mentioned that Maurice was a neighbor in a district called Winter Town. Winter Town is a district quite far from AT&T’s African office and is well-known for its high crime rate in Addis Ababa. Roy was surprised to hear that, as Maurice told him that he lived in Spring Town, a district that many foreign ambassadors lived and a lot more expensive than Winter Town. Through some connection, Roy verified that what the supplier said was true.

Roy decided to confront Maurice about the housing allowance issue. Maurice at first denied but later admitted that his apartment was in Winter Town and the rent was less than $2,500. He defended his action by saying that “Every AB&T senior executive gets $2,500 a month. If I live in an economically way, why should I be penalized? I just receive the same as others”. As a reply, Roy stressed that “It is AB&T objective to let senior employees to live in a safe place and have good rest for the challenging duties during office hours. Besides, the districts that the company’s senior executives live in represent the image of the company. Moreover, the company’s housing allowance policy is reimbursement on an actual basis, i.e. the amount of monthly claim should be the same as the rental value of the apartment and not to allow staff to make a profit. As the regional CFO, I have to maintain my professional standing”. When Roy challenged Maurice for using falsified rental receipts for disbursement claims, Maurice admitted but replied that this is a common and well-accepted practice in Ethiopia.

Later in the discussion, Maurice tried to convince Roy regarding his housing allowance claim practice. Maurice explained his situation that “You may not understand my situation. I have to save every dollar to pay school fees for my ten nephews and nieces. I got my family members’ great support to finish my education. I owe it to my brothers and sisters to give their children the same chance to study as I did. My parents can never understand why I live in a big apartment instead of helping their grandchildren. I am just doing what I should do. The company has no extra expense to reimburse me $2,500 housing allowance per the monthly receipt I submit. As my old classmate and my best friend, please pretend you know nothing and pay me $2,500 housing allowance as before. As a person grown up in Ethiopia, I know all business practice here and have good connection in this country. I know many senior executives in the government tax department and that will be helpful to your work here. I will fully support you to do an excellent job to save some tax for the benefit of our company. You will be compliment by your boss for paying a lower tax than other companies here”.

Roy does not want to lose his friendship with Maurice and he believes it will make his working life easier if he can make use of Maurice’s connection in Africa. Roy is not sure what should be his next step.

Required

1. Identify the ethical issue, if any, involved in this case?                                
2. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How are they affected? (Hins: state all stakeholder)   
3. What are Roy’s alternatives? (Hins: state at least 3)
4. What course of action will you suggest Roy Russell to take and justify your suggestion? (Hins: reply the alternative in Q3)

I would like to ask this question about ethics in business. Thank you.

Maurice Stokes was one of the best classmates of Roy Russell while he studied his MBA in the USA. Maurice grew up in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita ranked 187 out of 191 countries due to adverse geopolitics and civil wars in the past. Maurice is talented and hard working. He went through his bachelor degree in Ethiopia and luckily won a scholarship to study an MBA in the USA. Right after he got his MBA degree, Maurice joined AB&T, the world’s biggest mobile phone service provider, as a management trainee. After 5 years’ working in the USA, Maurice was assigned to work as the Vice President in Addis Ababa, where AB&T’s African headquarter is located, to oversee all African operations.

After his MBA graduation, Roy Russell joined his father’s family business– a medium size mobile phone service provider in Hong Kong. Three years later, AB&T acquired Roy’s family business and retained all existing staff. Roy then became an employee of AB&T and he was happy to work for a multinational company with good reputation. After 3 years’ working as financial controller in AB&T’s Singapore office, Roy was offered an opportunity for promotion to work as chief financial officer (CFO) in its African headquarter in Addis Ababa. Eager to get more international exposure, Roy said yes to this offer. This is how Roy came to a reunion with Maurice.

AB&T provides its senior employees in Addis Ababa with a monthly housing allowance of up to $2,500. Compared with the US standard, most of the housing in Addis Ababa is of low quality, and in many regions the law and order are bad. By giving a generous allowance, AB&T aims to ensure that its senior employees live in areas that are safe, convenient and comfortable to ensure that senior executives can have good rest, that they live in a district that is appropriate to the company’s reputation. For housing allowance claim, senior executives need to hand in their monthly receipts for reimbursement. Every month Maurice submits a bill of $2,500 from his landlord to the finance office for re-imbursement. Roy suggested paying a visit Maurice’s house for a few times. However, every time Maurice rejected this suggestion, claiming that he had never entertained any coworkers at home so that his family members would not be distributed. Roy considered this understandable and so did not insist.

After working for six months in Addis Ababa, Roy had a business dinner with a supplier. The supplier mentioned that Maurice was a neighbor in a district called Winter Town. Winter Town is a district quite far from AT&T’s African office and is well-known for its high crime rate in Addis Ababa. Roy was surprised to hear that, as Maurice told him that he lived in Spring Town, a district that many foreign ambassadors lived and a lot more expensive than Winter Town. Through some connection, Roy verified that what the supplier said was true.

Roy decided to confront Maurice about the housing allowance issue. Maurice at first denied but later admitted that his apartment was in Winter Town and the rent was less than $2,500. He defended his action by saying that “Every AB&T senior executive gets $2,500 a month. If I live in an economically way, why should I be penalized? I just receive the same as others”. As a reply, Roy stressed that “It is AB&T objective to let senior employees to live in a safe place and have good rest for the challenging duties during office hours. Besides, the districts that the company’s senior executives live in represent the image of the company. Moreover, the company’s housing allowance policy is reimbursement on an actual basis, i.e. the amount of monthly claim should be the same as the rental value of the apartment and not to allow staff to make a profit. As the regional CFO, I have to maintain my professional standing”. When Roy challenged Maurice for using falsified rental receipts for disbursement claims, Maurice admitted but replied that this is a common and well-accepted practice in Ethiopia.

Later in the discussion, Maurice tried to convince Roy regarding his housing allowance claim practice. Maurice explained his situation that “You may not understand my situation. I have to save every dollar to pay school fees for my ten nephews and nieces. I got my family members’ great support to finish my education. I owe it to my brothers and sisters to give their children the same chance to study as I did. My parents can never understand why I live in a big apartment instead of helping their grandchildren. I am just doing what I should do. The company has no extra expense to reimburse me $2,500 housing allowance per the monthly receipt I submit. As my old classmate and my best friend, please pretend you know nothing and pay me $2,500 housing allowance as before. As a person grown up in Ethiopia, I know all business practice here and have good connection in this country. I know many senior executives in the government tax department and that will be helpful to your work here. I will fully support you to do an excellent job to save some tax for the benefit of our company. You will be compliment by your boss for paying a lower tax than other companies here”.

Roy does not want to lose his friendship with Maurice and he believes it will make his working life easier if he can make use of Maurice’s connection in Africa. Roy is not sure what should be his next step.

Required

1. Identify the ethical issue, if any, involved in this case?                                     

2. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How are they affected?

3. What are Roy’s alternatives?   

4. What course of action will you suggest Roy Russell to take and justify your suggestion?

Maurice Stokes was one of the best classmates of Roy Russell while he studied his MBA in the USA. Maurice grew up in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita ranked 187 out of 191 countries due to adverse geopolitics and civil wars in the past. Maurice is talented and hard working. He went through his bachelor degree in Ethiopia and luckily won a scholarship to study an MBA in the USA. Right after he got his MBA degree, Maurice joined AB&T, the world’s biggest mobile phone service provider, as a management trainee. After 5 years’ working in the USA, Maurice was assigned to work as the Vice President in Addis Ababa, where AB&T’s African headquarter is located, to oversee all African operations.

After his MBA graduation, Roy Russell joined his father’s family business– a medium size mobile phone service provider in Hong Kong. Three years later, AB&T acquired Roy’s family business and retained all existing staff. Roy then became an employee of AB&T and he was happy to work for a multinational company with good reputation. After 3 years’ working as financial controller in AB&T’s Singapore office, Roy was offered an opportunity for promotion to work as chief financial officer (CFO) in its African headquarter in Addis Ababa. Eager to get more international exposure, Roy said yes to this offer. This is how Roy came to a reunion with Maurice.

AB&T provides its senior employees in Addis Ababa with a monthly housing allowance of up to $2,500. Compared with the US standard, most of the housing in Addis Ababa is of low quality, and in many regions the law and order are bad. By giving a generous allowance, AB&T aims to ensure that its senior employees live in areas that are safe, convenient and comfortable to ensure that senior executives can have good rest, that they live in a district that is appropriate to the company’s reputation. For housing allowance claim, senior executives need to hand in their monthly receipts for reimbursement. Every month Maurice submits a bill of $2,500 from his landlord to the finance office for re-imbursement. Roy suggested paying a visit Maurice’s house for a few times. However, every time Maurice rejected this suggestion, claiming that he had never entertained any coworkers at home so that his family members would not be distributed. Roy considered this understandable and so did not insist.

After working for six months in Addis Ababa, Roy had a business dinner with a supplier. The supplier mentioned that Maurice was a neighbor in a district called Winter Town. Winter Town is a district quite far from AT&T’s African office and is well-known for its high crime rate in Addis Ababa. Roy was surprised to hear that, as Maurice told him that he lived in Spring Town, a district that many foreign ambassadors lived and a lot more expensive than Winter Town. Through some connection, Roy verified that what the supplier said was true.

Roy decided to confront Maurice about the housing allowance issue. Maurice at first denied but later admitted that his apartment was in Winter Town and the rent was less than $2,500. He defended his action by saying that “Every AB&T senior executive gets $2,500 a month. If I live in an economically way, why should I be penalized? I just receive the same as others”. As a reply, Roy stressed that “It is AB&T objective to let senior employees to live in a safe place and have good rest for the challenging duties during office hours. Besides, the districts that the company’s senior executives live in represent the image of the company. Moreover, the company’s housing allowance policy is reimbursement on an actual basis, i.e. the amount of monthly claim should be the same as the rental value of the apartment and not to allow staff to make a profit. As the regional CFO, I have to maintain my professional standing”. When Roy challenged Maurice for using falsified rental receipts for disbursement claims, Maurice admitted but replied that this is a common and well-accepted practice in Ethiopia.

Later in the discussion, Maurice tried to convince Roy regarding his housing allowance claim practice. Maurice explained his situation that “You may not understand my situation. I have to save every dollar to pay school fees for my ten nephews and nieces. I got my family members’ great support to finish my education. I owe it to my brothers and sisters to give their children the same chance to study as I did. My parents can never understand why I live in a big apartment instead of helping their grandchildren. I am just doing what I should do. The company has no extra expense to reimburse me $2,500 housing allowance per the monthly receipt I submit. As my old classmate and my best friend, please pretend you know nothing and pay me $2,500 housing allowance as before. As a person grown up in Ethiopia, I know all business practice here and have good connection in this country. I know many senior executives in the government tax department and that will be helpful to your work here. I will fully support you to do an excellent job to save some tax for the benefit of our company. You will be compliment by your boss for paying a lower tax than other companies here”.

Roy does not want to lose his friendship with Maurice and he believes it will make his working life easier if he can make use of Maurice’s connection in Africa. Roy is not sure what should be his next step.

Required

1. Identify the ethical issue, if any, involved in this case?   

2. Who are the stakeholders in this situation? How are they affected?  

3. What are Roy’s alternatives?

4. What course of action will you suggest Roy Russell to take and justify your suggestion?

QUESTION 8

1. In a no-skilled labor market a government wants workers to earn higher wage. So, the government imposes a minimum wage law. If the minimum wage imposed is lower than the market equilibrium wage, then

   		a. the quantity demanded of labor will exceed the quantity supplied.
   		b. the quantity supplied of labor will exceed the quantity demanded.
   		c. the minimum wage will not be binding.
   		d. workers will get pay lower than before.

10 points   

QUESTION 9

1. A microeconomist — as opposed to a macroeconomist — might study

   		a. the effect of a national healthcare program on the nation’s unemployment rate.
   		b. the effect of new regulations on telecommunication industry.
   		c. the effect of changes in interest rates on gross domestic product.
   		d. the growth rate of production in the economy.

10 points   

QUESTION 10

1. High-school athletes who skip college to become professional athletes

   		a. obviously do not understand the value of a college education.
   		b. usually do so because they cannot get into college.
   		c. understand that the opportunity cost of attending college is very high.
   		d. are not making a rational decision since the marginal benefits of college outweigh the marginal costs of college for high-school athletes.

10 points   

QUESTION 11

1. In a no-skilled labor market a government wants workers to earn higher wage. So, the government imposes a minimum wage law. The minimum wage imposed exceeds the market equilibrium wage, then

   		a. the quantity demanded of labor will exceed the quantity supplied.
   		b. the quantity supplied of labor will exceed the quantity demanded.
   		c. the minimum wage will not be binding.
   		d. there will be no unemployment.

Part 1: Discuss the purpose and implications (higher vs. lower premiums) of each of the 8 major rating factors for determining private passenger auto insurance premiums.

Part 2: Select ONE of the following scenarios. Discuss at least 4 of the 8 factors and how they would impact that type of risk. Explain your answer and offer suggestions for how a policyholder in a similar situation might be able to lower their premiums.

1. 16-year old single male driver living with his parents in Chicago, Illinois, who maintains a 2.5 GPA at his high school. He just obtained his driver’s license after successfully completing driver’s education classes and is driving a 2002 Ford Taurus sedan to and from a private school in the suburbs.

2. 45-year old married female living in Wichita, Kansas, with an insurance score of 559. She and her spouse own a new Chevrolet Suburban full-size SUV, a Toyota Tundra pickup truck for hauling feed for their horses, and a 1965 Chevrolet Corvette. She has had no accidents or citations in the past 5 years.

3. 85-year old widowed male living in Kalona, Iowa, with an insurance score of 750. He drives a 2013 Honda Civic under 10,000 miles per year. In the past 3 years, he has been ticketed twice for speeding and had one fender-bender in the grocery store parking lot.

Expenses for a Pizza restaurant include raw material for pizza at $4.00 per slice, $103.00 as monthly rental and $23.00 monthly as insurance. Lost sale expense is considered to be $5.00 per unhappy customer. Leftover Pizza can be sold for $3. The restaurant is open 25 days in a month.Today the restaurant prepared 200.00 pizza slices and sells them for $11.00/slice. There was a party at a nearby office so the demand for pizza went up to 222.00 slices. What is the daily fixed costs expense?

Alexa owns a Coffee Shop. The following information is from her accountant: Expenses: Advertising $44.00 Coffee, cups, sweetener, flour, etc. $5.34 per cup of coffee and a muffin Monthly rental $197.00 What will her break even point be if she sets the price for coffee and a muffin at $9.34.

You run a school in Florida. Fixed monthly cost is $5,204.00 for rent and utilities, $6,133.00 is spent in salaries and $1,292.00 in insurance. Also every student adds up to $100.00 per month in stationary, food etc. You charge $665.00 per month from every student now.You are considering moving the school to another neighborhood where the rent and utilities will increase to $10,623.00, salaries to $6,416.00 and insurance to $2,001.00 per month. Variable cost per student will increase up to $170.00 per month. However you can charge $1,119.00 per student. At what point will you be indifferent between your current mode of operation and the new option?

Although bullying is not a new problem, it has moved from the schoolyard and classrooms to the internet. Media such as Facebook, emails and mobile texting all provide the opportunity to "bully" others and do it on a more widespread scale than before. This can prove to be more traumatizing to the individual being bullied than traditional forms of bullying.

Here's recent link to review as part of this discussion: Bullied Teen http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/a-horribly-bullied-teen-committed-suicide-now-his-former-dairy-queen-boss-has-been-charged-with-involuntary-manslaughter/ar-AAmx8hs

For this discussion, consider the following questions/subtopics:

1. Do some jurisdictions consider bullying (in any form or some forms) a crime? Cite examples if you can find them. Should it be a crime in some circumstances?

2. If you feel that bullying behavior would be considered a crime, how would you define it (i.e. what would be the language that should be used in the statute)?

3. What sorts of bullying behavior coculd or should give rise to civil action against the bully? Which specific torts come to mind and why?

4. Should a parent be liable for their child's bullying of another child?

5. Should their be any distinction made between a victim being a child (minor) or an adult?

6. Do schools have an obligation to educate students and parents on the issue of bullying? Could the school, school board, teachers, etc. have potential liability for not curtailing this behavior when discovered? Should they?

In 2016, the mean salary for all Ontario public employees in the School Board sector with salaries of at least $100,000 was 114.35 (in thousands of dollars), and the standard deviation was 15.67 (also in thousands of dollars). Let ??Xi be the salary of one randomly selected employee (denoted i), and let ?¯X¯ be the sample mean for a sample of 500 employees with salaries of at least $100,000 from the School Board sector.

(i) Which is larger: ?(??>116)P(Xi>116) or ?(?¯>116)?P(X¯>116)? Explain. (ii) Compute any probabilities possible with the given information.

(b) [6 pts] Suppose we know that ?(??>120)=?P(Xi>120)=a, where ?a is a constant. We define a new random variable ??Yi for each i, where ??Yi is equal to 1 if ??>120Xi>120 and is equal to 0 otherwise (??Xi is defined in part (a)). Also let ?=∑200?=1??W=∑i=1200Yi, where we assume that all the ??Yi’s are independent and have the same distribution.

What kind of distribution does ??Yi have (hint: it has a name)? What are the values of its parameter(s)? What kind of distribution does ?W have (it also has a name)? What are the values of its parameters? Explain in 1 sentence how you know ?W has this distribution.

(c) [6 pts] Suppose now that ?=0.3a=0.3. What is ?(?>70)P(W>70)? Use an appropriate approximation and correct for continuity. Give a clear interpretation (1 sentence).

28. LUSH cosmetic products use of “Charisma” as a product name is an attempt to appeal to what consumer purchasing method?

a. Habitual

b. Attraction

c. Affective

d. Heuristic

e. None of the above

29. “Higher prices generally indicate higher quality”. This is an example of which marketing concept?

a. Bias

b. Observation

c. Market Belief

d. Stimulus Generalization

e. None of the Above

30. Marketers believe that as human beings we have a need to bring our actions and feelings into harmony with each another. This is known as the?

a. Freudian principal

b. Perception principal

c. Consistency principal

d. Conformity principal

e. Cooptational principal

31. Developing a “new” product or service so that it cannot be directly compared to a competitor is an example of what marketing strategy?

a. Balance sectoring

b. Compensatory decision making

c. Consumption motivation

d. Product Categorization

e. None of the Above

32.I made a list of 15 attributes that I wanted a University to have, to help me decide where to go to school. I wanted my choice to be that school that had my “Must Haves” of those attributes. This would be?

a. Evoked set

b. Conjunctive rule

c. Strengthen perceived linkage

d. Internalization

e. None of the above

33.We make purchase decisions to influence what other people think of us. This is an example of?

a. Trait theory

b. Personality

c. Impression management

d. VALS

e. None of the above