1. Flexible Overhead Budget

   Leno Manufacturing Company prepared the following factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for October of the current year, during which it expected to require 14,000 hours of productive capacity in the department:

   Variable overhead cost:
   Indirect factory labor	$133,000
   Power and light	6,440
   Indirect materials	30,800
   Total variable overhead cost		$170,240
   Fixed overhead cost:
   Supervisory salaries	$59,580
   Depreciation of plant and equipment	37,450
   Insurance and property taxes	23,830
   Total fixed overhead cost		120,860
   Total factory overhead cost		$291,100

   Assuming that the estimated costs for November are the same as for October, prepare a flexible factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for November for 12,000, 14,000, and 16,000 hours of production. Round your interim computations to the nearest cent, if required. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

   Leno Manufacturing Company
   Factory Overhead Cost Budget-Press Department
   For the Month Ended November 30
   Direct labor hours	12,000	14,000	16,000
   Variable overhead cost:
   Indirect factory labor	$	$	$
   Power and light
   Indirect materials
   Total variable factory overhead	$	$	$
   Fixed factory overhead cost:
   Supervisory salaries	$	$	$
   Depreciation of plant and equipment
   Insurance and property taxes
   Total fixed factory overhead	$	$	$
   Total factory overhead cost	$	$	$

Flexible Overhead Budget

Leno Manufacturing Company prepared the following factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for October of the current year, during which it expected to require 13,000 hours of productive capacity in the department:

Assuming that the estimated costs for November are the same as for October, prepare a flexible factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for November for 11,000, 13,000, and 15,000 hours of production. Round your interim computations to the nearest cent, if required. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

Flexible Overhead Budget

Leno Manufacturing Company prepared the following factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for October of the current year, during which it expected to require 10,000 hours of productive capacity in the department:

Assuming that the estimated costs for November are the same as for October, prepare a flexible factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for November for 8,000, 10,000, and 12,000 hours of production. Round your interim computations to the nearest cent, if required. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

Relevant cost, the make or buy decision

The Rocky Road Company has the following cost information regarding a product that it makes with a current volume of 40,000 units.

Unit Cost

Total Cost

Direct Material

$100

$4,000,000

Direct Labor

$40

$1,600,000

VMOH

$60

$2,400,000

FMOH

$75

$3,000,000

It had has been approached by the Smooth Road Company with an offer to make this product.

The offer is to make 40,000 units at a cost of $240 per unit.

After a special study of the make or buy decision, the Rocky Road Company determined that of its total fixed costs of $3,000,000, there were avoidable costs of $1,200,000.

Provide the following:

A) The per unit cost for each input and total cost to make the product

B) The per unit and total cost to buy the product from the Smooth Road Company

C) Your recommendation (with a short rationale as to why)

The special study determined that if the Rocky Road Company accepted the offer made by the Smooth Road Company, then additional resources would be freed that could be used to generate additional units of another product. This would generate $6,000,000 in revenues at a cost of $5,400,000. In light of this new information, please show your work and provide:

D) The total cost to make the product

E) The total cost to buy the product from the Smooth Road Company

F) Your recommendation (with a short rationale as to why)

Flexible Overhead Budget

Leno Manufacturing Company prepared the following factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for October of the current year, during which it expected to require 10,000 hours of productive capacity in the department:

Assuming that the estimated costs for November are the same as for October, prepare a flexible factory overhead cost budget for the Press Department for November for 8,000, 10,000, and 12,000 hours of production. Round your interim computations to the nearest cent, if required. Enter all amounts as positive numbers.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,500 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,750 units; February, 9,500 units; March, 11,250 units; and April, 9,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 59% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 41% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $70,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $300,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $54,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $96,000; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $180,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $35,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 41%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,500 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,750 units; February, 9,500 units; March, 11,250 units; and April, 9,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 59% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 41% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $70,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $300,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $54,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $96,000; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $180,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $35,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 41%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019. DIMSDALE SPORTS COMPANY Estimated Balance Sheet December 31, 2019 Assets

Cash $ 35,500 D

Accounts receivable 520,000 D

Inventory 90,000 D

Total current assets $ 645,500 CR

Equipment 612,000 D

Less: Accumulated depreciation 76,500 D

Equipment, net 535,500 CR

Total assets $ 1,181,000 CR

Liabilities and Equity

Accounts payable $ 355,000 D

Bank loan payable 14,000 D

Taxes payable (due 3/15/2020) 90,000 D

Total liabilities $ 459,000 CR

Common stock 470,500 D

Retained earnings 251,500 D

Total stockholders’ equity 722,000 CR

Total liabilities and equity $ 1,181,000 CR

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

a.The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $56 per unit. The expected inventory level of 4,500 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 7,250 units; February, 9,250 units; March, 10,750 units; and April, 10,500 units.

b. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 57% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 43% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $130,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $390,000 is collected in February 2020.

c.Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $65,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $290,000 is paid in February 2020.

d. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $90,000 per year.

e. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.

f. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $93,600; and March, $24,000. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.

g. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $140,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.

h. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $42,000 at the end of each month.

i. The income tax rate for the company is 43%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required: Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.

2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.

3. Monthly selling expense budgets.

4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.

5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.

6. Monthly cash budgets.

7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Near the end of 2017, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2017.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2018, management gathers the following information.

The company’s single product is purchased for $30 per unit and resold for $55 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,000 units on December 31, 2017, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are: January, 7,000 units; February, 9,000 units; March, 11,000 units; and April, 10,000 units.

Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 60% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 40% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2017, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January and the remaining $400,000 is collected in February.

Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2017, accounts payable balance, $80,000 is paid in January and the remaining $280,000 is paid in February.

Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $60,000 per year.

General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $2,000 per month and is paid in cash.

Equipment reported in the December 31, 2017, balance sheet was purchased in January 2017. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $36,000; February, $96,000; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.

The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $150,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.

The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $25,000 at the end of each month.

The income tax rate for the company is 40%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2018; include the following component budgets:

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2018.

A satellite a wave generated from the site of an underground earthquake near the Mariana Trench. After one hour the wavefront has moved about 650 km. The wave looks mostly sinusoidal and has a period of about 30.0 min. The amplitude was initially about 50.0 cm. A) What is the speed of this wave? B) If a fishing boat was in the path of the wave, how many times will it bob up and down when the wave hits? Do you think the crew will notice? C) When the wave reaches shore it will slow down significantly (by nearly a factor of 10 or more), without losing significant energy. Can you give a physical argument why as the wave slows down the amplitude will increase?