In 2017, the entire fleet of light‑duty vehicles sold in the United States by each manufacturer must emit an average of no more than 84 milligrams per mile (mg/mi) of nitrogen oxides (NOX) and nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) over the useful life ( 150,000 miles of driving) of the vehicle. NOX + NMOG emissions over the useful life for one car model vary Normally with mean 78 mg/mi and standard deviation 6 mg/mi.

(a) What is the probability that a single car of this model emits more than 84 mg/mi of NOX + NMOG? (Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)

(b) A company has 36 cars of this model in its fleet. What is the probability that the average NOX + NMOG level ?¯ of these cars is above 84 mg/mi? (Enter your answer rounded to four decimal places.)

The mean number of eggs per person eaten in the United States is 234. Do college students eat more eggs than the average American? The 65 college students surveyed averaged 248 eggs per person and their standard deviation was 92.4. What can be concluded at the α = 0.01 level of significance? For this study, we should use The null and alternative hypotheses would be: H 0 : H 1 : The test statistic = (please show your answer to 3 decimal places.) The p-value = (Please show your answer to 4 decimal places.) The p-value is α Based on this, we should the null hypothesis. Thus, the final conclusion is that ... The data suggest that the sample mean is not significantly more than 234 at α = 0.01, so there is not enough evidence to conclude that the sample mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 248. The data suggest that the population mean is not significantly more than 234 at α = 0.01, so there is not enough evidence to conclude that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 234. The data suggest that the populaton mean is significantly more than 234 at α = 0.01, so there is enough evidence to conclude that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 234. Interpret the p-value in the context of the study. There is a 11.3178436% chance that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is greater than 234 . There is a 11.3178436% chance of a Type I error. If the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is 234 and if another 65 college students are surveyed then there would be a 11.3178436% chance that the sample mean for these 65 students surveyed would be greater than 248. If the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is 234 and if another 65 students are surveyed then there would be a 11.3178436% chance that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year would be greater than 234. Interpret the level of significance in the context of the study. There is a 1% chance that you will find the chicken that lays the golden eggs. If the population population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 234 and if another 65 college students are surveyed then there would be a 1% chance that we would end up falsely concluding that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is equal to 234. If the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is 234 and if another 65 college students are surveyed then there would be a 1% chance that we would end up falsely concluding that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 234. There is a 1% chance that the population mean number of eggs consumed by college students per year is more than 234.

1. Insomnia has become an epidemic in the United States. Much research has been done in the development of new pharmaceuticals to aide those who suffer from insomnia. Alternatives to the pharmaceuticals are being sought by sufferers. A new relaxation technique has been tested to see if it is effective in treating the disorder. Sixty insomnia sufferers between the ages of 18 to 40 with no underlying health conditions volunteered to participate in a clinical trial. They were randomly assigned to either receive the relaxation treatment or a proven pharmaceutical treatment. Thirty were assigned to each group. The amount of time it took each of them to fall asleep was measured and recorded. The data is shown below. Run an independent samples t-test to determine if the relaxation treatment is more effective than the pharmaceutical treatment at a level of significance of 0.05. Report the test statistic using correct APA formatting and interpret the results.

In the United States, first grade kids have an average friendliness score (FS) of 24 with a standard deviation of 4. Also these first grade classes all have 23 students in them. Use this information to answer questions #26-#29.

What percent of classrooms have FS averages between 23.28 and 23.77?

What is the percentile rank of a child with FS equal to 22.88?

What percent of classrooms have FS averages less than 26?

What percent of classrooms have average friendliness scores between 24.11 and 24.37?

The federal minimum wage in the United States is currently $7.50 per hour. Joe Biden, the Democratic candidate for President, proposes to increase it to $15. Based on your knowledge of the elasticity of labour demand for low-wage workers, how would you expect Biden’s plan to affect:

a. Employment of low-wage workers. Be precise.

b. Earnings of low wage workers. Be precise.

c. Prices of goods produced with low-wage labour. Explain and illustrate.

d. Summarize the effects of this tax and transfer policy on different groups, i.e. who gains and who loses from this policy?

Suppose labor demand for low-skilled workers in the United States is w = 24 - 0.1L where L is the number of workers (in millions) and w is the hourly wage. There are 120 million domestic U.S. low-skilled workers who supply labor inelastically. If the U.S. opened its borders to immigration, 20 million low-skilled immigrants would enter the U.S. and supply labor inelastically.

Draw a clearly labeled graph showing the equilibrium before immigration and the effect of opening the borders. (The equilibrium wage and employment level should be labeled both before and after immigration.)

In 2018, many unskilled workers in the United States earned the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour. By contrast, average earnings in 2018 were about $27 per hour, and certain highly skilled professionals, such as doctors and lawyers, earned $100 or more per hour.

Instructions: In part a, round your answers to 2 decimal places. For all other parts, enter your answers as a whole number unless otherwise indicated.

a. If we assume that wage differences are caused solely by differences in productivity, how many times more productive was the average worker than a worker being paid the federal minimum wage?

How many times more productive was a $100-per-hour lawyer compared to a worker earning minimum wage?

b. Assume that there are 20 minimum-wage workers in the economy for each $100-per-hour lawyer. Also assume that both lawyers and minimum-wage workers work the same number of hours per week. If everyone works 40 hours per week, how much does a $100-per-hour lawyer earn in a week?

How much does a minimum-wage worker earn a week?

c. Suppose that the government pairs each $100-per-hour lawyer with 20 nearby minimum-wage workers. If the government taxes 25 percent of each lawyer’s income each week and distributes it equally among the 20 minimum-wage workers with whom each lawyer is paired, how much more will each of those minimum-wage workers receive each week?

If we divide by the number of hours worked each week, how much does each minimum-wage worker’s weekly transfer amount to on an hourly basis? Instructions: Round your answer to 2 decimal places.

d. Suppose the government taxes each lawyer 100 percent before dividing the money equally among the 20 minimum-wage workers with whom each lawyer is paired. How much per week will each minimum-wage worker receive?

How much is that on an hourly basis?

In the country of United States of Heightlandia, the height measurements of ten-year-old children are approximately normally distributed with a mean of 53.1 inches, and standard deviation of 5.8 inches.

1. What is the probability that a randomly chosen child has a height of less than 52.5 inches? ROUND ANSWER TO 3 DECIMAL PLACES.
   
   
2. What is the probability that a randomly chosen child has a height of more than 53.7 inches? ROUND ANSWER TO 3 DECIMAL PLACES

3. Interpret your results from part 2. in context of heights of ten-year-old children.

1. Interpret your results from part 2 in context of heights of ten-year-old children.

If the initial exchange rate is $1.20 cad for $1.00US. After 10 years, the United States price level has risen from 100 to 200, and the Canadian price level has risen from 100 to 175.

What was the inflation rate in each country?

What nominal exchange rate would preserve the initial real exchange rate?

Which country’s currency depreciated?