Questions
Case 4: In 2013, computer expert and former CIA systems administrator, Edward Snowden released confidential government...


Case 4: In 2013, computer expert and former CIA systems administrator, Edward Snowden released confidential government documents to the press about the existence of government surveillance programs. According to many legal experts, and the U.S. government, his actions violated the Espionage Act of 1917, which identified the leak of state secrets as an act of treason. Yet despite the fact that he broke the law, Snowden argued that he had a moral obligation to act. He gave a justification for his “whistleblowing” by stating that he had a duty “to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them.” According to Snowden, the government’s violation of privacy had to be exposed regardless of legality. Journalists were conflicted about the ethical implications of Snowden’s actions. The editorial board of The New York Times stated, “He may have committed a crime…but he has done his country a great service.” In an Op-ed in the same newspaper, Ed Morrissey argued that Snowden was not a hero, but a criminal: “by leaking information about the behavior rather than reporting it through legal channels, Snowden chose to break the law.” According to Morrissey, Snowden should be prosecuted for his actions, arguing that his actions broke a law “intended to keep legitimate national-security data and assets safe from our enemies; it is intended to keep Americans safe.”
safe.”


Questions of case 4:

a. What did Snowden do? Why did he do that? Was it ethical? Justify and explain.
b. What type of conflict is there? Explain.

In: Economics

Below is a quote from Dr. Badu Sarkodie (Director, Public Health of the Ghana Health Service) in a response to a question of where Ghana is on the curve on the COVID-19 curve

Below is a quote from Dr. Badu Sarkodie (Director, Public Health of the Ghana Health Service) in a response to a question of where Ghana is on the curve on the COVID-19 curve, during the ministry of information press briefing on 5th May, 2020 “…The best way to assess this curve is to use the daily case incidence. Thus, everyday how many cases we do record and put them on a chart and then clearly you get the case load being built, reach its peak and get to a decline and finally to zero. The next best proxy data for this should be the date for onset for symptoms. If you do not have that, the next line will be the date the various people reported to the facility (i.e. the date they were seen at the facility). The next to that will be the date the sample was taken. If you look how Ghana started attacking the virus, waiting not to chase the virus but to face it directly, by doing enhance contact tracing, there are a lot of people that we tested without they having symptoms. Therefore, if we were using the daily case incidence with onset of symptoms, then we will have a challenge. So clearly the best data we are using for this bell-shaped curve is the data for the date samples were tested….” (a) State the three occurrences for measuring incidence of illness stated in the quote above. [3 marks] (b) (i) State the measure of occurrences that are being used to measure incidence of COVID-19 in Ghana according to the quote above. [3 marks] (ii) Why is this measure preferred to the other measures of occurrence? [4 marks]

In: Biology

Effects of differing production levels on absorption costing income. Metrics to minimize inventory buildups

Effects of differing production levels on absorption costing income. Metrics to minimize inventory buildups. Effects of differing production levels on absorption costing income: Metrics to minimize inventory buildups. University Press produces textbooks for college courses. They recently hired a new editor, Leslie White, to handle production and sales of books for an introduction to accounting course. Leslie’s compensation depends on the gross margin associated with sales of this book. Leslie needs to decide how many copies of the book to produce. The following information is available for the fall semester 2010:

10,000 books O books Estimated sales Beginning inventory Average selling price $100 per book $60 per book $120,000 per s

The fixed cost allocation rate is based on expected sales and is therefore equal to

 $120,000/10,000 books = $12 per book

Leslie has decided to produce either 10,000, 12,000, or 16,000 books.

1. Calculate expected gross margin if Leslie produces 10,000, 12,000, or 16,000 hooks. (Make sure you include the production-volume variance as part of cost of goods sold)

2. Calculate ending inventory in units and in dollars for each production level.

3. Managers who are paid a bonus that is a function of gross margin may be inspired to produce product in excess of demand to maximize their own bonus. The chapter suggested metrics to discourage managers from producing products in excess of demand. Do you think the following metrics will accomplish this objective? Show your work.

a. Incorporate a charge of 10% of the cost of the ending inventory as an expense for evaluating the manager.

b. Include non-financial measures when evaluating management and rewarding performance.

 

In: Computer Science

Research Scenario: A researcher is attempting to determine the effects of sex and sleep deprivation on...

Research Scenario: A researcher is attempting to determine the effects of sex and sleep deprivation on a reaction time task. Participants (5 men; 5 women) in an experiment are given a computerized search task. They search a computer screen of various characters and attempt to find a particular character on each trial. When they find the designated character, they press a button to stop a timer. Their reaction time (in ms) on each trial is recorded (note, so the lower the number, the faster the time). Male and female subjects participated in the study across three days, and completed the task after having 0, 4, or 8 hours of sleep. The reaction time data for the 10 subjects appear below. Using this table, enter the data into a new SPSS data file and run the appropriate test to assess whether sleep deprivation and/or sex affect performance on reaction time. Remember that between subjects variables such as “Sex” will be represented using a single column in SPSS. Within subjects variables such as sleep would be represented in multiple columns – one per level. Hint: for this data entry, you will end up for a total of four columns in SPSS.

Write an APA-style Results section based on your analysis

Men

Women

0 hours

12

11

13

12

12

13

11

12

11

11

4 hours

10

8

10

8

10

10

8

10

7

9

8 hours

7

5

5

6

7

8

6

6

7

8

In: Statistics and Probability

Rubber stuff is medium-sized business which manufactures rubber mats for cars and for households. There are...

Rubber stuff is medium-sized business which manufactures rubber mats for cars and for households. There are some 15 workers in the factory, including the office staff and a manager. The workers belong to various unions according to the type of work they do. The workers on the factory floor are employed under an enterprise agreement which their unions negotiated some 18 months previously.


In the press there have been some reports of dangerous fumes that may be emitted from rubber products, particularly during the production process before a final product is sealed in the factory. There are scientific means of measuring any fumes or emissions from rubber, though this requires extensive testing. Rubber stuff management believes any testing will disrupt production and cause the business to run behind on a valuable contract it is currently completing. A request from the principle union for an inspection of the workplace by a scientist and a union official from union headquarters has been refused.


The union believes that the workers are now subject to a dangerous work situation and should discontinue working until the matter is resolved. The management believes that the union is calling for unlawful industrial action and is breaching the relevant employment contract. The management has promised to investigate the issue, but not until the end of the current production contract.

Question:  

Discuss the rights of both the business and the union to deal with this industrial issue.  Explain whether the union has the right to call a strike, and outline the rights of the business to prevent such action.The IRAC method must be used in resolving this problem scenario. Also, reference must be made to relevant legislation and case laws.    

In: Accounting

In April of 2015, the FASB issued an Exposure Draft related to financial reporting of not-for-profit...

In April of 2015, the FASB issued an Exposure Draft related to financial reporting of not-for-profit organizations. As a result of feedback received from constituents, the FASB decided to divide the proposed update to not-for-profit financial reporting into two phases. Phase one was completed and resulted in Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2016-14, Presentation of Financial Statements of Not-For-Profit Entities. Phase two considers whether a measure of operations should be required, and, if so, how it should be measured. At the FASB board meeting on May 29, 2013, the FASB tentatively decided to define an operating measure on the basis of two key dimensions: (1) whether resources are from or used to carry out the mission of the organization and (2) whether resources are available for use in the current period. As this textbook goes to press, the FASB has not yet begun to redeliberate phase two.

Required:

a. Research the current status of phase two of the FASB project. (Hint: The FASB website is www.fasb.org. However, you may wish to also search for other current articles about the project.) Write a summary of the project status to date. Has the FASB deliberated on phase two? If so, what is the status of those deliberations?

b. In addition to the operating measure component of phase two of the project, there were two other project objectives. Identify the objectives and discuss what, if any, proposals are being considered as part of these objectives.

c. After having performed this research, what is your opinion? Do you believe the proposed changes will, in fact, improve financial reporting? Explain the rationale for the position you take.

In: Accounting

Haply Inc. contracts with Barksdale LLC to have an engine repaired. After much negotiation, the parties...

Haply Inc. contracts with Barksdale LLC to have an engine repaired. After much negotiation, the parties agree that the engine will be repaired and reinstalled at Haply’s facilities in 5 days. Haply plans on losing $40,000 a day for each day the engine is not delivered after the five-day window (this is the cost for a replacement engine).

Haply tells Barksdale’s representatives that if the engine is not repaired on time that bad press will cause Haply to lose a client’s business totaling $3,000,000. Barksdale does not complete the contract until day 7.

It cost Haply $500 to secure the delivery of a replacement engine. The actual rental of the replacement engine cost $40,000 a day. And Haply lost the business of a client totaling $3,000,000. Haply sues Barksdale for incidental, consequential and compensatory damages. The court finds that there is a breach of contract. What are the consequential, incidental, and compensatory damages that Barksdale is liable for in this case? Be sure to define each of those terms.

The requirements below must be met for your paper to be accepted and graded:

Write between 500 – 750 words (approximately 2 – 3 pages) using Microsoft Word.

Attempt APA style, see example below.

Use font size 12 and 1” margins.

Include cover page and reference page.

At least 60% of your paper must be original content/writing.

No more than 40% of your content/information may come from references.

Use at least two references from outside the course material, preferably from EBSCOhost. Text book, lectures, and other materials in the course may be used, but are not counted toward the two reference requirement.

In: Accounting

VIP luggage is one of the main product lines for Smith Corporation. Smith uses large molding...

VIP luggage is one of the main product lines for Smith Corporation. Smith uses large molding machines to press a specially formulated chemical compound into metal molds corresponding to different suitcase sizes and shapes. The molded product is then trimmed, lined with fabric, and fitted with accessories such as locks and hinges before being packed and shipped. The following data pertain to the cost of setting up one of the molding machines and the setup cost for the machine is $80,000 per year.
Product (Suitcase type) # of setups per year Hours per setup # of units produced
24" Two-suiter 5 8 300
26" Three-suiter 3 10 200
30" Jumbo Wheeler 2 15 100
Required:
a) Suppose Smith Corporation allocates setup costs to products using the number of setups as the allocation basis. How much setup cost will be allocated to each unit of the three products Smith manufactures?
b) Suppose Smith Corporation allocates setup costs using the total number of setup hours as the allocation basis. How much setup cost will be allocated to each unit of the three products?
c) Suppose Smith allocates setup costs using the number of units produced. Calculate the setup cost allocated to each unit of the three products.
d) Give a condition that would result in the cost allocation per unit in (a) and in (b) would be the same. No calculation required.
e) Give a condition that would result in the cost allocation per unit in (a) and in (c) would be the same. No calculation required.

In: Accounting

During the classic period the court lifted the veil on a number of occasions - from...

During the classic period the court lifted the veil on a number of occasions - from the list below select the correct answers (you may choose more than one answer)

Group of answer choices

When groups of companies should be viewed as one single entity. (DHN Food Distributors)

Defendant set up a company to solicit customers he was prohibited from soliciting due to previous employment contract (Gilford Motor Co v Horne)

Setting up a company to avoid an estate contract (Jones v Lipman);

Setting up a company to force compulsory purchase of minority shareholdings (Re Bugle Press).

Dealing with the enemy (Daimler v Continential Tyre);

Lord Denning argued in DHN Food Distributors v Tower Hamlets that groups of companies should be viewed as one single entity.

Group of answer choices

True

False

The key question in the case of Adams v Cape Industries was ?

Group of answer choices

It is possible for a company to be held as a mere facade even though it was not originally set up as a sham.

The company was used for some impropriety unconnected to the corporate form.

If there was an existence of an agent-principal relationship.

Whether Cape, the parent company, had a presence in the US through it subsidiaries.

The three situations where the case of Adams v Cape limited veil lifting to are :-

1. Where the interpretation of a statute or document shows that the group of companies is to be treated as one;
2. Where a company is being used as a sham or mere facade;
3. Where there is no agent-principal relationship

In: Accounting

Body builders consume large volumes of dietary supplements, especially products that combine creatine with whey proteins,...

Body builders consume large volumes of dietary supplements, especially products that combine creatine with whey proteins, a waste product of cheese making. In a study to assess the impact of creatine and whey on strength and muscle fiber characteristics, 28 highly trained body builders in their mid-20s were recruited for a 13-week dietary study.

The researchers divided the volunteers into four groups, giving each man the same caloric bonus per day: a flavored drink containing a gram of supplement per kilogram of body weight. One supplement contained just carbohydrates, another just whey powder, and the last two a mix of creatine with either carbohydrates or whey. The experiment was conducted as a double blind with neither the athletes nor the scientists knowing who received each supplement until the study was completed.

Throughout, the men performed supervised resistance training three times a week and all experienced strength gains. Below are the data for increases in beach press totals in kilograms for the 28 body builders.

Carbohydrate only

Whey only

Creatine & carbohydrate

Creatine & whey

3

5

7

11

5

3

8

9

2

5

10

15

5

4

7

9

1

7

5

12

4

4

4

10

8

5

9

5

(i): Test the hypothesis.

(ii): Analyze with one-way ANOVA to test the hypothesis that there is any significant differences in the heights among the three fertilizer treatments at both:

(a): 95% and 90% level of significance.

In: Statistics and Probability