Temperature and Phase Changes In this exercise, you will make observations of the phase changes of water (H 2 O). You will measure temperature and create a heating curve to determine the melting point and boiling point of water. 1. Gather the 250-mL beaker, approximately 150 mL of crushed ice, a watch or timer, the thermometer, burner stand, burner fuel, and matches. Note: Large ice cubes may be crushed by placing them in a large plastic bag, placing the bag on a durable surface, and breaking the pieces apart with a hammer or other heavy object. 2. Fill the beaker to about the 150-mL line with crushed ice. 3. Place the thermometer in the center of the ice. Do not allow the thermometer to touch the sides or bottom of the beaker. 4. After holding the thermometer in the ice for about a minute, note the time and record temperature at 0 minutes in Data Table 2 of your Lab Report Assistant . Additionally, record your observations about the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) of the water in Data Table 2 . 5. Uncap the burner fuel, light the wick with a match or lighter, and place the fuel under the stand on a pie pan. Burner setup. Note that the flame is blue which is sometimes difficult to see. 6. Place the beaker on the burner stand. Keep holding the thermometer in the middle of the ice. 7. Start the timer and begin taking temperature and observation readings every minute, recording your findings in Data Table 2 . Note: It is important that you record both the temperature AND the state or states of matter present every minute throughout the experiment. 8. Gently stir the ice with the thermometer as it heats. www.HOLscience.com 13 ©Hands-On Labs, Inc. Experiment Liquids and Solids 9. Continue to stir the ice or water and record temperature and observations every minute until the water has boiled for 5 minutes . Do not allow the thermometer to rest on the glass of the beaker. 10. Extinguish the burner fuel by lightly placing its cap over the flame; do not tighten cap until the burner fuel container has fully cooled. 11. Thoroughly wash and rinse the equipment for future use. Questions: A. Using the temperature data recorded in Data Table 2 , create a heating curve. ● Plot time (minutes) on the x-axis (horizontal axis) and temperature (°C) on the y-axis (vertical axis). Connect the plotted points with a line. ● Label the heating curve to show each phase of matter (solid, solid + liquid, liquid, liquid + gas). ● Label the melting point and boiling point on the heating curve. Note: An example heating curve is given in Figure 6 of the Background B. Are there parts of the curve with positive slopes and parts that are flat (slope of zero)? What states of matter are present when the slope of the heating curve is positive and what states of matter are present when the slope is zero or close to zero? C. Describe the key characteristics for the three states of matter. D. Define the melting point. What was the observed melting point of water?

E. Define boiling point. What was the observed boiling point of water?

F. What happens to heat energy when it is not increasing the temperature of the substance in the beaker? Use your heating curve to explain your answer. G. Was temperature perfectly constant during your test while the water was melting and while it was boiling? Explain why or why not.

H. The published melting point of H 2 O is 0°C, and the published boiling point is 100°C. Why may you have found different values?

I. Use the following information to determine if the intermolecular forces of isopropyl alcohol are greater or weaker than the intermolecular forces of water. Explain your answer. The melting point of isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol, C 3 H 8 O) is about -90 °C and the boiling point is about 82 °C

Lab 1: Using the Scientific Method Worksheet

At a local town meeting, one of your neighbors complains that a nearby residence is killing his flowers because of the chemicals he uses to wash his cars. He claims that the soap runs into a stream that flows very close to his flower beds. As an inquiring student of science, you wonder whether soap can truly affect flower growth.

Based on the observation given to you, use the following questions to explain how you would set up your experiment and analyze your results.

1.       State your hypothesis. Remember that a hypothesis must be specific and testable. For example, stating that detergents are bad is not a good hypothesis (“Bad” is a generic term, it would be better to use a metric that is measurable).

2.       Explain how you would set up your control and treatment groups. What would be the same between the groups and what would be different? What species would you use for each group and how many plants total would you use?

3.       How would you collect your data for your experiment? What tools and units of measurement would you use? How often would you collect data and would you use the same methodology for both your treatment and control groups? Be specific in your answers.

In every experiment, there are some unintentional differences between the control and treatment groups. These are called sources of error. If these sources of error can be corrected we call them avoidable sources of error. An example of an avoidable source of error may be the amount of water provided to the plant. We can avoid this error by watering the plants in each group, the same amount at the same time of the day.

4. List some possible sources of avoidable and unavoidable error in your fertilizer experiment that were provided to you as examples.

5..       Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis.

6.       Explain the difference between the ‘everyday’ use of the word theory and the definition of a scientific theory.

7.       Why is it important to educate people on the true definition of “theory”?

What problems with the Phillips Curve have surfaced before? To the extent that business is now more globalized than when William Phillips described the curve in 1958, could that be a reason why the Phillips Curve is failing? Or is the problem, you think, that unemployment rates have yet to fall far enough to trigger inflation? Perhaps Lucas is correct after all in thinking that if monetary policy is credible, there wouldn’t be a Phillips Curve at all? Explain In detail and use as many graphs as possible.

PLS EXPLAIN IN DETAIL THE SAND MOLD CASTING PROCESS. PLS WRITE IN MORE THAN 250 WORDS ILLUSTRATING EACH AND EVERY FINE DETAIL.

You work at a Hospital in the Weight Management Department. A new patient has entered your program to lose weight and manage their diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Below are the patient characteristics. (10 points)

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Dx: Obesity, Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia

Age: 35 years old        Gender: Male Race: African American               BMI: 42 kg/m²       

SBP: 147 mmHg      DBP: 86 mmHg      TG: 245 mg/dl

Meds: Enalapril .1 mg/kg/day (2x per day); Niaspan 1500 mg per day, Qsymia 7.5/46 mg

Dr. Goal: Reduce body weight to help with Blood pressure and triglycerides through exercise and healthy eating

Patient Goal: Not be “Fat” and “Out of Shape”

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Part 1: Based on the information provided, what would your exercise plan look like for this patient? Is there any contraindications to your regimen based on the clinical profile? Explain. What is the outlook for exercise alone to provide positive clinical outcomes over a 3 month (12 weeks) period? That is, how much could the exercise program lower blood pressure levels, triglycerides and body weight? What type of nutrition strategy might you implement for this patient? Explain and provide an example in detail.

Part 2: The patient asks you how their medications work. Explain this and state specifically how these particular medication work. Finally, the patient asks you whether it will be possible for them to lose 50 pounds in 3 months and whether he can eventually stop his medications. How would you approach these questions and answer accordingly

I have the data for corn color and texture. These are the follow up questions for the data.

Color of Corn Grains

Number of Purple (Red) Grains: 75

Number of Yellow (White) Grains: 30

Ratio of Purple (Red) Grains: Yellow (White) Grains: 2.5:1

Probable Genotypes of Parents:  

Texture of Corn Grains

Number of Smooth Grains: 85

Number of Wrinkled Grains: 20

Ratio of Smooth Grains: Wrinkled Grains: 4.25:1

Probable Genotypes of Parents:

Grain color is one trait. Grain texture is a second trait. For each, what do you notice about the phenotypic ratios?

R = Purple/Red; r = Yellow/White; S = Smooth; s = Wrinkled

A genetic cross with only one trait is a monohybrid cross.

A genetic cross involving two traits is called a dihybrid cross.

Consider the cross: RRSS x rrss (Parental Generation) F1 is the result of the cross. (Gametes: RS for one parent (e.g. the egg) and rs for another parent (e.g. the sperm). FOR EACH GAMETE, IT IS ONE ALLELE FOR EACH TRAIT. THIS IS WHY YOU SEE TWO LETTERS PER GAMETE.)

What is the expected genotype for the F1 generation?

Will all F1 offspring have the same genotype?

Will all F1 offspring have the same phenotype?

What are the predicted phenotypes for the F2 generation crossing RrSs x RrSs?

In what ratios will they occur?

Purple/Red, Smooth:

Purple/Red, Wrinkled:

Yellow/White, Smooth:

Yellow/White, Wrinkled:

1. Examine this Interactive Lab on Earth-Sun Geometry hosted by the University of Nebraska - Lincoln closely. After you investigate several different latitude settings, write a brief paragraph describing how solar intensity varies with latitude throughout the year. (HINT: First, set the latitude to your location by moving the stick figure in the black box in the upper right of the webpage until the “observer’s latitude” is the same as yours. Your latitude can be determined by a Google search for “New Jersey latitude”. Then click the “start animation” button in the lower right of the web page, and watch the sun angles (pictured in the box above) progress through the days of the year. Next use the red needle with the red triangle on top located to the left of the “start animation” button to move more slowly through the days to find the maximum and minimum Sun angles.)

            a) Write brief paragraph here.

            b) What are the maximum and minimum Sun angles at your latitude? On what dates do they occur? How do these angles compare to those that occur at the equator on the same dates?

   c) What is the range of Sun angles at your latitude throughout the year? How does your range compare to the range at the equator and at the Arctic Circle?

Economists tend to ask two questions in a bilateral contracting situation: Is the outcome

efficient? How are the gains distributed?

(a). Suppose that landlords and tenants care only about the expected or average

gain from the contract, and not about risk. Comparing a sharecropping contract to a

fixed-rent contract: which of these is efficient? Briefly explain.

(b). Now suppose (realistically) that tenants lack assets and do not have access to

insurance or credit markets. They are therefore in a poor position to bear risk. Can this

help explain the persistence of sharecropping contracts? Briefly explain.

Answer key:

(a). Compare the economic surplus and employment level under the two contracts.

(b). Compare the expected rate of return for landlords and tenants under the two contracts in good state and bad state.

What is a business method patent? Provide examples of business method patents and explain how having such a patent can provide a firm a competitive advantage in the marketplace .What are some examples of intangible assets? How can an intangible asset create value for an organization? Explain in detail.

International Political Economics - Question

1. Explain what for Game Theory is used in IPE. What are the main assumptions in Game Theory? Explain in detail the Chicken Game and give at least one example from IPE, which can be applied to the Chicken Game, and how it can be applied.