What types of extraneous variables should the researchers be concerned about in this study?

Purpose of the Study. The researchers examined preferences for beer under conditions that varied in terms of when information about an ingredient of one of the beers was given: before tasting, after tasting but before preferences were indicated, and never (no information was given to one group about the ingredients). The ingredient given is one that most people think should make the beer taste worse. The research question was whether the timing of the ingredient information would affect the preference for the beer by influencing one’s expectation of taste of the beer. Preference for the beer with the undesired ingredient should be lower in any condition where the information influences the preference.

Method of the Study. Pub patrons in Massachusetts were asked to participate in a taste test of two types of beer labeled “regular beer” and “MIT brew.” The “MIT brew” contained a few drops of balsamic vinegar (the vinegar apparently changed the flavor of the beer very little). Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three groups that differed according to when information was given: blind group (no information given), before-tasting group (information given before tasting), and after-tasting group (information given after tasting but before preference was indicated). All participants were given a small sample of each beer to taste. They were asked to indicate which of the two beers they preferred.

Results of the Study. In the blind condition, the “MIT brew” was preferred more often (about 60% of the group) than the before condition (only about 30% of the group), indicating that ingredient information had an effect before tasting. However, the “MIT brew” was also preferred more often in the after condition (just over 50% of the group) than in the before condition and was not preferred less often than the blind condition, indicating that when ingredient information is given after tasting, it does not affect preference. Figure B.1 presents the means of the three groups.

Conclusions of the Study. The researchers concluded that the timing of information about a beer-drinking experience affects preference for the beer. Their results indicated that when information about the beer ingredient was given before the participants tasted the beer, it affected their tasting experience (and their preferences), but when information was given after the participants tasted the beer, it did not affect their experience or their preference. More generally, this study showed that our expectations of our perceptual experiences affect how we judge those experiences.

SOURCE: Results from Lee, Frederick, and Ariely’s (2006) study.

Determine the pH change when 0.093 mol HCl is added to 1.00 L of a buffer solution that is 0.497 M in HNO₂ and 0.311 M in NO₂^-.

pH after addition − pH before addition = pH change = ___________________

Determine the pH change when 0.115 mol KOH is added to 1.00 L of a buffer solution that is 0.457 M in HNO₂ and 0.256 M in NO₂^-.

pH after addition − pH before addition = pH change =_____________

show what happens if Islandia opens up to international trade and finds out that the world price for textiles is lower than the domestic price.

•Draw the diagram, labelling carefully and accurately and showing quantities before and after and amount of exports or imports

•Show a table with Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, Total Surplus and the ∆ both before trade and after trade

•State what happens to producers and consumers in terms of being better or worse off

Cost of debt using both methods​ (YTM and the approximation​ formula) Currently, Warren Industries can sell 20-year​, ​$1,000​-par-value bonds paying annual interest at a 11% coupon rate. Because current market rates for similar bonds are just under 14​%, Warren can sell its bonds for ​$960 each; Warren will incur flotation costs of ​$35 per bond. The firm is in the 28% tax bracket.

A. Find the net proceeds from the sale of the​ bond, Upper N Subscript dNd.

B. Calculate the​ bond's yield to maturity (YTM​) to estimate the​ before-tax and​ after-tax costs of debt.

C. Use the approximation formula to estimate the​ before-tax and​ after-tax costs of debt.

------------------------------------------------

A. The net proceeds from the sale of the​ bond, Upper Nd​, is ​$____. (Round to the nearest​ dollar.)

B. Using the​ bond's YTM, the​ before-tax cost of debt is ____%. ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

Using the​ bond's YTM, the​ after-tax cost of debt is _____​%. ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

C. Using the approximation​ formula, the before-tax cost of debt is ______​%. ​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

Using the approximation​ formula, the after-tax cost of debt is _____%​(Round to two decimal​ places.)

1. How will small businesses, which are now closed, under shelter-in-place orders continue to exist?

2. How will small businesses continue to make payroll and pay for benefits, if they are closed?

3. Will banks make bridge loans to small businesses, given their failure rate?

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil disaster) is an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. The U.S. government estimated the total discharge at 4.9 million barrels. How do you expect BP to account for this disaster in its 2010 financial statements?

Mental health. The 2010 General Social Survey asked the question: “For how many days during the past 30 days was your mental health, which includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, not good?” Based on responses from 1,151 US residents, the survey reported a 95% confidence interval of 3.40 to 4.24 days in 2010.

(a) Interpret this interval in context of the data.

(b) What does “95% confident” mean? Explain in the context of the application.

(c) Suppose the researchers think a 99% confidence level would be more appropriate for this

Interval. Will this new interval be smaller or larger than the 95% confidence interval?

(d) If a new survey were to be done with 500 Americans, would the standard error of the estimate be larger, smaller, or about the same. Assume the standard deviation has remained constant since 2010.

1. On January 1 2010, J Company lends M Company $20,000 with payment due in 5 years. J Company calculates that present value of the $20,000 is $13,612.

Required:

a) Prepare the journal entry for J Company on January 1, 2010.

b) Prepare an effective interest amortization table with 4 columns for J Company.

c) Prepare the journal entries for J Company on 31 December 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Assume that M Companies repays J Company promptly. 2. Repeat all the requirements in question 1 above if the note has a stated rate of 6% per annum. 3. Repeat all the requirements in question 1 above if the note has a stated rate of 10% per annum.

More time on the Internet: A researcher polled a sample of 1052 adults in the year 2010, asking them how many hours per week they spent on the Internet. The sample mean was 10.19 with a standard deviation of 13.8 A second sample of 2022 adults was taken in the year 2012. For this sample, the mean was 10.87 with a standard deviation of 14.92. Assume these are simple random samples from populations of adults. Can you conclude that the mean number of hours per week spent on the Internet increased between 2010 and 2012? Use the α = 0.01 level of significance.

1. State the null and alternative hypothesis

2. Compute the p-value and Testing Value

3. Do you reject the null hypothesis? Explain?

4. Can you conclude that the mean number of hours per week spent on the Internet increased between 2010 and 2012?

Thomsonetics, Inc., a rapidly growing early-stage technology company, had the pretax income noted below for calendar years 2010-2012. The firm was subject to corporate taxes consistent with the rates shown in Table 2.6.

Year: Pretax Income:
2010 $87,000  
2011 $312,000
2012 $760,000

a. Calculate Thomsonetics' tax liability for each year 2010, 2011, and 2012.

b. What was the firm's average tax rate in each year?

c. What was the firm's marginal tax rate in each year?

TABLE 2.6

Taxable Income Over: Not Over: Tax Rate:
$0 $50,000 15%
50,000 75,000 25%
75,000 100,000 34%
100,000 335,000 39%
335,000 10,000,000 34%
10,000,000 15,000,000 35%
15,000,000 18,333,333 38%
18,333,333 ................. 35%