Louis, a French citizen, wants to loan money to a related US entity that will be purchasing real estate in Boca. If he sets up a French company, then the interest income will be taxed at a high rate. He hears that Switzerland taxes interest at a very low rate. So, he sets up a Swiss company which in turn loans the money to the Boca entity.

What is the withholding rate on interest and dividends under the US-Swiss treaty? What's the rate under the US-France income tax treaty?

Can Louis take advantage of the US-Swiss treaty?

You may want to take a look at the Treasury Technical explanation that can be accessed at the beginning of every article in the treaty.

A&B (two individuals) wants to organize an entity to combine their two businesses. Assume the business will average $1 million of taxable income from the combined businesses. What entity would you advise your client to form? Please include in your discussion a compare and contrast of the different forms of business regimes including a discussion of a corporation, an S corporation, partnership and a limited liability company. Also, include in your discussion the different tax consequences between the different types of entities including which of these regimes requires the business entity to pay tax on the income earned and which of these regimes requires the entity owners to pay tax on the income earned by the entity.

Discuss the short term vs. long term benefits / detriments of each form of business regime.

Comprehensive analysis of Wal-Mart and Target, compute the four ratios; current ratio, quick ratio, liabilities to equity, times earned.

Current Ratio                                 2018        2017

Walmart                                        0.75:1     0.86:1

Target                                           0.95:1     0.94:1

Quick Ratio                                  2018        2017

Walmart                                       0.20:1     0.21:1

Target                                          0.29:1     0.28:1

Total liabilities to equity            2018          2017

Walmart    1.62times 1.55times

Target 2.33times 2.41times   

Times interest earned                      2018              2017

Walmart                                     7.490.5times   9.659.5times

Target                                         6.475.5times 4.949.5times

-          Which company is more liquid? More solvent?

-          Compare the liabilities to equity ratio, do they differ from the each other and the industry? why?

-          Do the ratios change over time? Why?

How can bias change results in a study? How can buy us influence a person who wants to conduct a study? What key things can you look for when conducting a study to eliminate bias?

Monetary authority

            Give the arguments for having one central monetary authority.

            Who (what) puts money in or pulls money out of the US Economy?

            How do they do this?

            How is money created?

            Explain the money multiplier.

The demand curve for TVs in the US is given by Q = 80 – P, where Q indicates the number of TVs purchased and P is the price. Suppose that there are no TVs produced in the US, but they can be imported either from Mexico or from the rest of the world. The price of TVs in Mexico is $10, and the price from the lowest‐cost supplier in the rest of the world is $5. In each case, TVs are produced with a horizontal supply curve, so these prices are fixed and will not change with changes in US policy. The US MFN tariff on TVs is a specific tariff in the amount of $10 per unit imported. a) If there is no PTA, so that every country must pay the same tariff, from where will US consumers import their TVs, Mexico or the rest of the world? Compute the equilibrium price of TVs in the US, the quantity imported and consumed, and US consumer surplus, tariff revenue, and social welfare. b) Now, suppose that the US and Mexico sign a free‐trade agreement that eliminates the tariff on TVs from Mexico, but leaves the tariff on TVs from the rest of the world unchanged. How will the equilibrium change? Answer the same questions as in a) under the new policy regime. c) Identify the welfare change due to trade creation and the welfare change due to trade diversion, and draw them on a carefully‐marked graph with the equilibrium prices and quantities before and after the free‐trade agreement marked. Does this trade agreement raise or lower US welfare?

The Cash account of Guard Dog Security Systems reported a balance of $2,540 at December 31​, 2024. There were outstanding checks totaling $400 and a December 31 deposit in transit o f$100. The bank​ statement, which came from Park Cities​ Bank, listed the December 31 balance of $3,340. Included in the bank balance was a collection of $510 on account from Brendan Ballou​, a Guard Dog customer who pays the bank directly. The bank statement also shows a $30 service charge and $20 of interest revenue that Guard Dog earned on its bank balance. Prepare Guard Dog​'s bank reconciliation at December 31.

Guard Dog Security Systems

Bank Reconciliation

December 31, 2024

Many physics papers now have dozens of authors per paper. Experimental physics may have multi-organizational and multi-country contributing staffs, but I'd guess that most of the names don't contribute a word or equation to a paper, yet they get individual authorship credit. My question is who determines the author list, does everybody listed have editing privilages, and perhaps most importantly, who decides on their listed order?   

Q) The age for COVID-19 patients in a country is normally distributed with mean 57.6 years and standard deviation 28 years. A COVID-19 patient was randomly selected from that country. Find the probability that this patient
(i) is below 50 years.
(ii) is between 30 and 75 years.
(iii) 5% of the patients are above k years old. Find k.
(b) The number of COVID-19 patients in 5 different countries are shown in the table below.

Country A B C D E

Number of patients 1006 112 1104 926 1852 Test at 10% significance level, if the number of COVID-19 patients is evenly distributed among the five countries.

(c) In 2019, 20% of the students at University X are from China. In a random sample of 500 university students selected recently, it is found that that 130 of them are from China. Test if there is an increase in the percentage of China students in University X at 3% significance level