In 2004​, one county reported that among 3116 white women who had​ babies, 139 were multiple births. There were also 23 multiple births to 607 black women. Does this indicate any racial difference in the likelihood of multiple​ births? ​a) Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclusion. ​b) If your conclusion is​ incorrect, which type of error did you​ commit? ​a) Let p1 be the proportion of multiple births for white women and  p2 be the proportion of multiple births for black women. Choose the correct null and alternative hypotheses below.

Please type your answer, thank you.

Google became a publicly-traded company in August 2004. Initially, the stock traded over 10 million shares each day! Since the initial offering, the volume of stock traded daily has decreased substantially. In 2010, the mean daily volume in Google stock was 5.44 million shares, according to Yahoo! Finance. A random sample of 35 trading days in 2014 resulted in a sample mean of 3.28 million shares with a standard deviation of 1.68 million shares. Does the evidence suggest that the volume of Google stock has changed since 2007? Use a 0.05 level of significance.

1. State the null and alternative hypotheses.
2. What type of hypothesis test is to be used?
3. What distribution should be used and why?
4. Is this a right, left, or two-tailed test?
5. Compute the test statistic.
6. Compute the p-value.
7. Do you reject or not reject the null hypothesis? Explain why.
8. What do you conclude?

1. When Air Canada emerged from bankruptcy protection in 2004, its top management decided to replace some of its older planes with new ones. In particular, several relatively small Embraer and Bombardier planes (with fewer than 90 seats) and several large Boeing 777 and 787 (with more than 200 seats) were ordered. These are much fuel efficient than the planes they replace.

  However, Air Canada operations are still not as low as WestJet’s. An available Seat Mile costs Air Canada 16-17¢ whereas it costs WestJet 11-12¢. Recall that WestJet is non-unionized, runs only one type of plane (Boeing 737 which seats 100-150 passengers), and is financially stronger.

1. Discuss five pros and cons of Air Canada’s decision.
2. Identify five current trends in operation management and discuss how Air Canada can use them to improve their operations.

Wal-Mart is the second-largest retailer in the world. The data file (Wal-Mart Revenue 2004-2009 data.xlsx) is posted below the case study two file, and it holds monthly data on Wal-Mart’s revenue, along with several possibly related economic variables.

1. Develop a multiple linear regression model to predict Wal-Mart's revenue, using CPI, Personal Consumption, and Retail Sales Index as the independent variables. You also need to create residual plots and scatter plots by selecting residual plots box and line fit plots box under “Residuals”. Note: Those plots are for the individual independent variables.
2. To generate the residual plot for the entire model, you need to follow the instruction below. Check the Residuals box under “Residuals” and Excel will generate predicted values and residuals at the bottom of the output for the multiple regression model. Then, highlight these two output values to create the residual plot by Excel’s scatter chart (Insert tab > Charts > Scatter chart). Comment on what you see on the plot. Note: This residual plot is for the entire model.
3. Does it seem that Wal-Mart’s revenue is closely related to the general state of the economy? Use all the plots and statistical criteria on the Regression Analysis output generated by Excel to explain it.

Identify and delete those five cases (rows) corresponding to December revenue. Then, use the new data set (without the December data) to complete the following problems.

4. Develop a multiple linear regression model to predict Wal-Mart's revenue, using CPI, Personal Consumption, and Retail Sales Index as the independent variables. You also need to create residual plots and scatter plots by selecting residual plots box and line fit plots box under “Residuals”. Note: Those plots are for the individual independent variables.
5. Check the Residuals box under “Residuals” and Excel will generate predicted values and residuals at the bottom of the output for the multiple regression model. Then, highlight these two output values to create the residual plot by Excel’s scatter chart (Insert tab > Charts > Scatter chart). Comment on what you see on the plot. Note: This residual plot is for the entire model.
6. Does it seem that Wal-Mart’s revenue is closely related to the general state of the economy? Use all the plots and statistical criteria on the Regression Analysis output generated by Excel to explain it.
7. Compare these two multiple regression models, and decide which of these two models is better? Use R-square values, adjusted R-square values, Significance F values, p-values, scatter plots and residual plots to explain your answer.

Bernard Haldane Associates conducted a survey in March 2004 of 1021 workers who held white-collar jobs but who had changed jobs in the previous twelve months. Of these workers, 56% of the men and 35% of the women were paid more in their new positions when they changed jobs. Suppose that these percentages are based on random samples of 510 men and 511 women white-collar workers.

1. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population proportions.

__________________

2. Using the 2% significance level, can you conclude that the two population proportions are different? Use the p-value approach.

High school seniors with strong academic records apply to the nation's most selective colleges in greater numbers each year. Because the number of slots remains relatively stable, some colleges reject more early applicants. Suppose that for a recent admissions class, an Ivy League college received 2851 applications for early admission. Of this group, it admitted 1033 students early, rejected 854 outright, and deferred 964 to the regular admission pool for further consideration. In the past, this school has admitted 18% of the deferred early admisiion applicants during the regular admission process. Counting the students admitted early and the students admitted during the regular admission process, the total class size was 2375. Let E, R, and D represent the events that a student who applies for early admissions is admitted early, rejected outright, or deferred to the regular admissions pool. A) Use data to estimate P(E), P(R), and P(D). B) Are events E and D mutually exclusive? Find P(EUD). C) For the 2375 students who were admitted, what is the probability that a randomly selected student was accepted during early admission? D) SUppose a student applies for early admission. What is the probability that the students will be admitted for early admission or be deferred and later admitted during the regular admission process?

An education researcher claims that stipends for PhD students have increased from one academic year to the next. The table shows the PhD stipends (in dollars per year) for seven randomly chosen, different fields of study at various institutions in two consecutive years. Assume the populations are normally distributed. At α=0.05 , is there enough evidence to support the education researcher’s claim? Place commas between the 7 answers for parts a. and b. Field of Study 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stipend (First Year) 30,600 29,658 15,200 26,233 11,900 33,000 33,590 Stipend (Second Year) 32,850 30,770 19,800 27,100 11,000 33,000 30,312 d 〖b.) d〗^2 c.) Verify that the samples taken are random _____ and dependent._____ and that the populations are known to be normally distributed or n > 30. _____ Identify H_(0∶ _______________) and H_a: ____________ Find the mean of the differences, d ̅ and ∑▒d^2 . Place commas between the three answers. ∑▒d= __________________〖_〗d ̅ = (∑▒d)/n = _______________ ∑▒d^2 = _____________ Find the standard deviation of the diffe rences: s_d= √((∑▒〖〖d 〗^2- (∑▒d)^2/n〗)/n) Find the standardized test statistic, t. t = (d ̅- μ_d)/(s_d⁄√n) Find the number of degrees of freedom: d.f. = n - 1 For α=0.05, use Table 5 to identify t and find and shade the rejection region. Determine whether to reject or fail to reject H_(0 ). Interpret this decision in the context of the original claim.

Ricardo and Malthus were two economists in the early 19th Century, who participated in academic discussions on various subjects. One subject they disagreed on was, the most likely way, the profit rate may go down in a capitalist economy, which would potentially end the growth of the output level within the system. According to Ricardo, the profit squeeze is the most likely way. For Malthus, growth rates are likely to go down because of a demand shortage. How do Ricardo and Malthus describe their views? Compare Ricardian and Malthusian Models described above. Do you think one of these two potential problems, mentioned by Ricardo and Malthus is more critical than the other? Do you think both are critical, or none of them is critical? Explain your answer.

Using academic scholarly research, find an article that addresses an ethical dilemma from the past five years and annotate it thoroughly. What are the key points to the article? Summarize the dilemma. What are the key terms of the article? What conflicts or controversies does it raise? Where can you offer analysis or an original point of view? Once you have a handle on the article and your reaction to the issues it raises, use it as a foundation to

Create your own 2-4 paragraph "dilemma.”

Apply Kant’s Categorical Imperative to the problem you invent.

Apply any other philosopher's theory you have encountered in lecture material and the readings.

State which method you prefer and why.

Your paper should be 3 pages. You MUST provide the source of the foundation dilemma, and thus this paper will require 1 reference. Use APA format in citing the source. Refer to course resources for details and help in achieving APA style.

Please read the case and answer the following questions

STATE UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC DEPARTMENT

Background

The Internal Audit Department of a state-supported university was in the process of performing a scheduled audit of a school within the university that had several academic departments. The internal auditor developed an audit program, which included auditing academic departments within the school having potentially higher risk levels, based on factors such as funding levels, number of funding sources, and number of students. Internal Audit performed this type of audit each year rotating between the various schools within the institution. Audit objectives routinely included evaluating compliance with university policies and procedures relating to procurement, payroll, and cash collections and deposits.

Selected Department

Departments were selected based on the criteria of the audit objectives and discussions with school management. One of the academic departments selected had approximately 30 faculty members, seven administrative staff members, and a nationally recognized graduate program. In addition to being responsible for the academic programs, the department also conducted several functions that provided contract services to the community on a fee basis. Each fund source was recorded in a separate account and the department had in excess of 90 accounts. The fund types included state funding, private donations, state and federal grants and contracts, and industry sponsored contracts. Fund amounts ranged from a low of $1,500 to several which exceeded $100,000. Each type of fund had different requirements relating to how and for what the funds could be expended.

Participants

Faculty members were paid a salary for providing teaching, research, and performing community service in the name of the university. Their contracts were typically for nine months each year. They were allowed to supplement their salary for the remaining three months of the year through various types of grants and contracts. Faculty members were also allowed to work, usually as consultants, up to one day per week outside of the university and were paid directly by the party with whom they were consulting. The consulting fees were personal income for the faculty member and were not processed through the university in any manner.

The department chair had been at the university for more than ten years and was recognized as a faculty leader through various programs at the university. He had held the chair position for five years and was classified as an instructional faculty member with an administrative appointment. Under the guidelines of the university, he received additional compensation for the extra administrative duties he performed as the chair. He was considered a 12-month employee. Therefore, he was not allowed to supplement his university salary in any manner, including summer school teaching or additional funding through a grant.

The university policy stated that department chairs reported to the Dean of the academic college or school. However, in this case there had historically been little or no review of the department’s finances by the Dean or his representative.

The core administrative staff had been in the department for a number of years. The staff consisted of the chair’s secretary (three years in the department), a business manager (more than 10 years in the department), and a fiscal tech (more than 20 years in the department). The business manager was responsible for the fiscal management of the department and the fiscal tech prepared the financial transactions at the direction of the chair and the business manager.

The financial transactions of the department were initiated using the university’s on-line financial accounting system. In order to provide the chair and appropriate faculty members with timely management data, the fiscal tech also used a series of spreadsheets to manage each account. These spreadsheets provided up to the minute information regarding each account rather than the reports from the university system, which were usually received about ten days after the end of each month.

The fiscal tech prepared the financial transactions based on direction from the chair, appropriate faculty members, or the business manager. The business manager was responsible for approving all financial transactions. However, the business manager shared her password with the fiscal tech as she believed that she didn’t have time to approve each transaction. The fiscal tech then had the ability to approve and enter transactions, despite the fact that she only had the on-line authority to initiate transactions.

Within the last year, the administrative staff had received salary increases for exemplary performance. The raises were given at the direction of the chair.

Situation

The institution had numerous financial policies and procedures that were fragmented and not well communicated. These procedures were available on-line. Training was available, but it was not required. The department personnel had received the training. Implementation of the financial policies and procedures was delegated to the departmental level with minimal review by central organizations to ensure adherence to these policies and procedures.

The internal auditor performed the review. The major finding resulted in a recommendation that monthly reconciliations of each departmental account be performed and documented and that each account be signed by the business manager, signifying certification that each expenditure was made in accordance with university policy and for university related purposes. The recommendation was fully supported by the Dean and he ordered all departments to immediately implement the recommendation.

Allegations

When the audit was completed and the above finding was being implemented, university management received an anonymous tip. The caller alleged that a department chair had been paying personal bills from university accounts and that other irregularities had occurred within the chair’s department.

Required. Use diffrent codes and regualtions to answer questions (AU and SAS).

1. Upon receiving notification of the anonymous tip, outline the actions that you would take as the university’s auditor.

2. What controls would you look for to determine where the potential weaknesses were located?

3. How would you strengthen controls at the university level to decrease the likelihood of this type of occurrence?