Clinical Trial Between 2004 and 2007, the National Institutes of Health conducted a STEP vaccine clinical trial—Phase IIB "test-ofconcept" study. The STEP study is the name of a clinical trial to test an experimental human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine. The STEP study enrolled 3,000 participants at sites in Australia, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Peru, Puerto Rico, and the United States. The study was designed to test an HIV vaccine, which aimed to stimulate production of immune system T-cells that can kill HIV-infected cells. Based on its first evaluation of vaccine efficacy, the findings showed there were 24 cases of HIV infection among the 741 volunteers who received at least one dose of the investigational vaccine compared with 21 cases of HIV infection among the 762 volunteers who were vaccinated with the placebo. In volunteers who received at least two vaccinations, there were 19 cases of HIV infection among the 672 volunteers who received the investigational vaccine and 11 instances of HIV infection among the 691 volunteers who received placebo. The study investigators of the vaccine trials have decided to cease immunizations and are contacting study volunteers to inform them of the developments.

Reference: National Institutes of Health (2007). National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Immunizations are discontinued in two HIV vaccine trials. Retrieved from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Pages/step_statement.aspx.

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research further on the STEP study, the STEP vaccine clinical trials, and their parameters. Based on your research, understanding, and above information, answer the following questions:

Prior to beginning this study, how would you have described the risks and benefits of the study to participants?

What are the ethical issues surrounding this study at the beginning and when the decision was made to terminate the study?

1. Fictitious data—real data is available and would be interesting]

In the period 1980-2004, 8.7% of named Atlantic tropical storms were measured as “strong” hurricanes (Category 3 or higher at some point in their active “lifetime”).

As a test of one predicted effect of climate change, we want to see if this proportion has remained the same for the period 2005-2017. Assume there were 183 named Atlantic tropical storms in this period. Assume also that the 8.7% is (at least very close to) the true long-term proportion of these storms [which is the correct approach for this test].

1. What are the mean proportion and the standard deviation in that proportion for the sample of 183 storms?
2. Can we use the normal approximation for the proportion?
3. How likely would it be to find more than 10% “strong” hurricanes in the 2005-2017 period? How about 12.5%? If 12.5% of the 2005-2017 storms were strong, would you classify this as very unusual?

Question # 1

Rothenberg et al. (2004) investigated the effectiveness of using the Hologic Sahara Sonometer, a portable device that measures bone mineral density (BMD) in the ankle, in predicting a fracture. They used a Hologic estimated bone mineral density value of

.57 as a cutoff. The results yielded the following data:

a. Compute the Sensitivity of the test. (6 points)

b. Compute the Specificity of the test. (6 points)

c. Compute the Positive Predictive Value (6 points)

Question # 2

According to the most recent Davenport student profile, 28% of students are male. Given a sample of 15 students:

a. Find the probability that none are male. (6 points)

b. Find the probability that 10 are male. (6 points)

c. Find the probability that at least six are male. (6 points)

A Disastrous Development project

In 2004, Marin country in California decided to replace its ageing financial management, payroll, and Human Resources systems with a modern SAP enterprise resources planning system. The country solicited proposals from various companies to act as software consultants on the implementation. Thirteen companies, including oracle, PeopleSoft, and SAP, submitted proposals. In April 2005 the country selected Deloitte consulting based on the firms representations concerning its in- depth knowledge of SAP systems and the extensive experience of its consultants.

From 2005 to 2009, Marin Country paid increasing consulting fees to Deloitte as its staff grappled with serious fiscal problems. Essentially, the staff could not program the SAP system to perform even routine financial functions such as payroll and accounts receivable. A grand jury probe concluded that the system had cost taxpayers $28.6 million as of April 2009.

At that time, Marin Country voted to stop the ongoing SAP project acknowledging that it had wasted some $30 million on software and related implementation services from Deloitte.

The Marin Country information systems and technology group conclude that fixing the Deloitte-instlled SAP system would cost nearly 25 percent more over a 10 year period than implementing a new system.

In 2010, Marin country filed a complaint alleging that Deloitte's representations were fraudulent. The complaint accused Deloitte of using the country SAP project as a training ground to provide young consultant with public sector SAP experience, at the country's expense. It further charged that Deloitte intentionally failed to disclose its lack of SAP and public sector skills; withheld information about critical project risks: falsely represented to the country that SAP system was ready to "go live" as originally planned: conducted inadequate testing; and concealed the fact that ist had failed to perform necessary testing , thereby ensuring that system defects would remain hidden prior to the go-live date.Finally, the country maintained that, although it had paid substantial consulting fees to Deloitte, the system continued to have crippling problems.

Deloitte filed a counterclaim over the country failure to pay more than $550000 in fees and interest. The company maintained that it had fulfilled all of its obligations under the contract, as evidenced by the fact that all of Deloitte's work was approved by the country officials who were responsible for overseeing the project.

In December 2010, Marin Country sued Deloitte and two SAP subsidiaries, alleging that Deloitte had "engaged in a pattern of racketeering activity designed to designed to defraud the country of more than $20 million, The country lawsuit also names as defendant Ernest Culver, a former country employee who served as director on the SAP project. The country alleged that Culver interviewed for jobs at Deloitte and SAP, where he now works in SAP's public services division, It further claimed that during the SAP project, Culver "was approving Deloitte's deficient work on the project, approving payment, and causing Marin Country to enter into new contracts with Deloitte and SAP public services, Inc.

In late December 2011, a judge ruled that Marin Country failed to allege sufficient facts to bring a racketeering claim against SAP under the terms of the federal Racketeer Influenced and corrupt organisations Act ( RICO). However, he also ruled that Marin Country could fly an amended complaint. The judge further found that Marin Country hd alleged sufficient facts to bring a "plausible" bribery claim against SAP with aspect to Culver. Finally, the judge denied SAP's motion to dismiss claims against against its SAP America division.

In mid January 2012, Marin Country filed an amended complaint in federal court related to its actions against SAP, Deloitte Consulting, and Ernest Culver. The president of. the Main Country Board of supervisors stated that the board is committed to ensuring accountability for its taxpayers.

1- debate the lawsuit from the point of view of Deloitte and SAP.

2- Debate the lawsuit from the point of view of Marin Country.

In 2004, real estate broker Richard Davis called an A&E television executive about partnering on a? new reality show called Flip This House. Davis said he would undertake the financial risks of purchas- ing and later reselling the real estate and he and the network would split the net profits. Davis received confirmation from the network director over the phone and later with three other executives. The network never paid Davis and claimed no agree- ment was made. The district court found on behalf of Davis, and the network appealed. The appellate court stipulated that two facts must be true to find on behalf of Davis: first, that Davis reasonably believed that an agreement was made during the phone conversations and, second, that such a belief would be made by an objectively reasonable per- son. How do you think the court decided? [Davis v. A&E Television, 422 Fed. Appx. 199, 2011 U.S. App. LEXIS 7382.]

Buckler Company manufactures desks with vinyl tops. In 2004, a 1,000 desk production run cost for the vinyl used per Model S desk is $27.00 based on 12 square feet of vinyl at a cost of $2.25 per square foot. A production run of 1,000 desks in 2003 resulted in the usage of 12,600 square feet of vinyl at a cost of $2.00 per square foot, a total cost of $25,200.

Resulting from the above production run what is the material volume variance ______, the materials efficiency variance_____, and the materials price variance ______?

100 words for each Question please

1. What accounting standard in 2004 caused stock options to decline as the primary source of non-cash compensation? Why?

2. Does compensation expense from stock options meet the definition of an expense as discussed in SFAC 6? Why?

3. Do you think compensation expense from stock options should be recognized as an expense? Choose one position, and support it.

(Gilson, et al., 2015) posited that establishing trust, which is one of the major factors of project success in virtual teams, is much more difficult to achieve. Concurrently, Katzenbach & Smith, (2004) suggests that placing team members physically together for roughly a week on project start-up will aid in building trust and cohesiveness. So are we arguing that the antidote to project failure due to impermanence of virtual teams is to build trust?

The Great Lakes Maritime Institute is a private not-for-profit institution preparing cadets for careers in commercial shipping and includes instruction in piloting, navigation, maritime law, and other fields.

1. The Institute began the year with the following account balances:

2. The Institute received an unrestricted operating grant of $75,000 from the Maritime Shipping Association, a trade association for commercial shipping firms. Additionally, the Institute received unrestricted gifts of $10,000.

3. The deferred revenue appearing on the beginning of the year trial balance represents the portion of summer school tuition received in the previous academic year that relates to classes held in the current year.

4. Students were billed for tuition and fees of $500,000 and room and board of $190,000. A total of $350,000 was received on student accounts throughout the year.

5. The Institute received $110,000 of Pell Grants during the academic year. These amounts were immediately applied to student accounts for amounts due for tuition and fees.

6. Students are awarded academic scholarships of $150,000, which are applied to their accounts. Additionally, several other students are hired by the Institute to work in the Institute’s dining hall (auxiliary enterprise). As part of their compensation for working, tuition in the amount of $25,000 is waived.

7. The $250,000 restricted cash balance at the beginning of the year was donated for a new training ship. During the year an additional $250,000 donation was received.

8. The Institute signed a long-term note payable for $200,000. These funds, together with the restricted cash, were used to buy the training ship. The training ship’s expenses are classified as instruction.

9. During the year, $100,000 of cash and pledges for an additional $200,000 were received as a result of fund-raising campaigns to enhance the Institute’s endowment. By the terms of the agreement, such contributions are to remain permanently in the endowment. The $100,000 was immediately used to purchase additional investments.

10. By terms of the endowment agreement, interest and dividends received on the investments are restricted for need-based scholarships. Gains or losses from changes in the fair value of the investments, however, are not distributed but remain in the endowment. During the year, $27,000 of interest and dividends were received on endowment investments. At year-end, the fair value of the investments had increased by $4,000.

11. Expenses totaling $685,000 for salaries, supplies, utilities, and other items to be paid in cash are approved for payment through accounts payable. A total of $460,000 of outstanding accounts payable were paid by year-end. Although both GASB and FASB permit classification by natural category, the functional categories appearing below are recommended by NACUBO (amounts are assumed).

Instruction Expense .......................... $300,000

Research Expense .............................. 100,000

Auxiliary Enterprise Expense ................ 160,000

Institutional Support Expense ................ 125,000

12. Included in the expenses recorded in the previous transactions are $125,000 incurred under federal and state government reimbursement type grants. Bills were sent to the granting agencies, and $106,500 was received by the end of the year.

Adjusting entries:

13. The note payable was dated April 1, 2017. Interest is paid annually on March 31. The Institute accrued 3 months of interest at 6 percent.

14. Each year, a portion of the amount received as summer school tuition is deferred to the next academic year. The amount to be deferred is determined to be $7,500.

15. Depreciation expense of $165,000 is recorded on buildings and equipment. The expense is allocated to functional areas on the basis of actual equipment in use and square footage for buildings (amounts assumed).

Instruction Expense ........................... $75,000

Research Expense ........................... 30,000

Auxiliary Enterprise Expense .............. 35,000

Institutional Support Expense ............. 25,000

Question - Prepare journal entries recording the events above for the year ending DECEMBER 31, 2017

A leading UK Chocolate Brand has seen a downturn in sales due to new competition in the

market. Analysis work has shown the need for a customer loyalty programme. You have been

tasked with designing the approach that your Partner will present to the Client.

Create a one page

implementation

plan showing the

timetable of events

and your change

management

approach for

implementation.

One Page Implementation Plan, including;

▪

A One Page Project Plan

▪

Your change management approach to ensure

seamless integration