An experiment was done to test the effectiveness of a drug that is being considered for possible use in the treatment of people who experience chronic anxiety. Fifty people who are chronically anxious are identified through a local health clinic, and all 50 people give their informed consent to participate in the experiment. Twenty-five people are randomly assigned to the experimental group, and they receive the new drug. The other 25 people are randomly assigned to the control group, and they receive the commonly used drug. The participants in both groups are monitored by a physician and a clinical psychologist during the 6-week treatment period. After the treatment period, the participants provide a self-rating on a reliable and valid 20-point scale indicating the level of anxiety they are experiencing (higher scores indicate greater anxiety).

The mean self-rating in the experimental group was 10.2 (SD = 1.5), and the mean rating in the control group was 13.5 (SD = 2.0).

The .95 confidence interval for the mean self-rating in the experimental group was 9.6 to 10.8.

The .95 confidence interval for the control group was 12.7 to 14.3.

(1) Explain why a double-blind procedure would be useful in this experiment, and describe how the double-blind procedure could be carried out in this experiment.

(2) Focus on the descriptive statistics for this experiment. How would you describe the effect of the drug variable on anxiety ratings using the means for each condition? What do the standard deviations tell you about the anxiety ratings in the experiment?

(3) The probability associated with the test for the mean difference between the two groups was p = .01. What claim would you make about the effect of the treatment based on this probability? What claim would you make based on the estimates of the population means for the two groups in this experiment based on a comparison of the confidence intervals?

(4) The effect size for this experiment is d = .37. What information does this effect size tell you about the effectiveness of the drug beyond what you know from the test of statistical significance and from comparing the confidence intervals?

23.4Matching Dogs and Owners. Researchers constructed two test sheets, each sheet including 20 photos of the faces of dog-owner pairs taken at a dog-lovers field festival. The 20 sets of dog-owner pairs on the two sheets were equivalent with respect to breed, diversity of appearance, and gender of owners. On the first sheet, the dogs were matched with their owners, while on the second sheet, the dogs and owners were deliberately mismatched. Three experiments were conducted, and in all experiments, subjects were asked to “choose the set of dog-owner pairs that resemble each other, Sheet 1 or Sheet 2,” and were simply told the aim of the research was a “survey on dog-owner relationships.” In the first experiment, the original sheets were shown to subjects; in the second experiment, just the “mouth region” of the owners was blacked out in all the pictures on both sheets; while in the third experiment, just the “eye region” of the owners was blacked out. Subjects were assigned at random to the three experimental groups, and in each experiment, the number of subjects who selected the sheet with the dogs and their owners correctly matched was recorded. Experimenters were interested in whether blacking out portions of the face reduced the ability of subjects to correctly match dogs and owners.⁸ Here are the results:

1. Is there evidence that blacking out the mouth reduces a subject’s ability to choose the sheet which correctly matches the dogs and their owners? Follow the four-step process as exhibited in Examples 23.4 and 23.5.
2. Is there evidence that blacking out the eyes reduces a subject’s ability to choose the sheet which correctly matches the dogs and their owners? Follow the four-step process as exhibited in Examples 23.4 and 23.5.
3. Contrast your conclusions in parts (a) and (b) in the context of the problem using non-technical language.

James Martins – From a very early age, we form concepts. Each concept is a particular idea or understanding we have about our world. These concepts allow us to make sense of and reason about the things in our world. These things in our world. These things to which our concepts apply are called objects.

Grady Booch – A tangible and/or visible thing; something that may be apprehended intellectually; something toward which thought or action is directed. An individual, identifiable item, unit, or entity, either real or abstract, with a well-defined role in the problem domain. Anything with a crisply defined boundary.

Coleman - An object is a thing that can be distinctly identified. At the appropriate level of abstraction almost anything can be considered to be an object. Thus a specific person, organization, machine, or event can be regarded as an object.

I know my position in the window

I know my height and width

I know background color

I know what the label that appears on me says

I know what to do when pushed

Using Object Think in terms of the environment the object is in.

An example is a dog

I am actually a dog

I know people call me Rover

I know people with certain voices and smells regularly feed me.

I know how to eat, sleep, roll over, bark and chase cars

I know the owner I am associated with.

I know the check up results I am associated with

I know my next appointment date and time

I know if my patients’ status is “all paid up” or “payment overdue”

I am actually a car

I am a car object in the work context of a repair shop

I am a car object in the work context of a car collector.

Let L be a linear map between linear spaces U and V, such that L: U -> V and let l_{ij} be the matrix associated with L w.r.t bases {u_i} and {v_i}. Show l_{ij} changes w.r.t a change of bases (i.e u_i -> u'_i and v_j -> v'_j)

A long conducting pipe has a rectangular cross section with sides of lengths a and b. One face of the pipe is maintained at a constant potential V = V0 while the other 3 faces are grounded (V = 0). Using separation of variables, find the potential for points inside the pipe V (x,y).

A laptop computer that costs $1200 new has a book value of $425 after 2 years. (a) Find a linear model V = mt + b. V(t) = Incorrect: Your answer is incorrect. (b) Find an exponential model V = aekt. (Round your values to four decimal places.)

Let Σ be a finite alphabet with n letters and let R be the relation on Σ* defined as follows: R = {(u, v): every letter in u occurs somewhere in v, and every letter in v occurs somewhere in u} Then R is an equivalence relation with exactly 2n equivalence classes.

T or F?

Certain medications (whether over-the-counter or prescription) can reduce appetite, cause nausea, or make food taste differently. If a senior doesn't feel hungry due to medication side effects, what are the appropriate guidelines for intervention in order to make sure the client receives their recommended nutritional intake. Give specific nutritional details.

Nutrition Essentials for Nursing Practice 7th Edition Author: Susan G. Dudek