Explain how the sympathetic nervous system (and endocrine system) act directly to regulate heart rate and thus cardiac output. Include a detailed description of the mechanism (include the target cells, the proteins, signaling molecules, ions, and changes in membrane pontial where appropriate) and explain how the mechanism operates to alter heart rate.Explain how the parasympathetic nervous system acts to directly regulate cardiac output (1 mechanism). Discuss each mechanism separately including a detailed description of each mechanism (include the target cells, the proteins, signaling molecules, ions, and changes in membrane pontial where appropriate). Make clear how each affects cardiac output. This shoul require about half a page.Explain in detail the Frank-Starling law of the heart. Be sure to define what it is, and describe how it operates (the mechanism). Explain why it is an important way that cardiac output is regulated. Demonstrate your understanding by describing a particular scenario when it would operate and its significance.

write a report on this environmental issue( deforestation )focus on the terminology, the possible

issues, what is being done about it and what some of barriers faced by

proponents of the environment pls answer in detail and in 3 pages

1. Discuss the significance of Reynold number for the classification of the type of fluid flow. [4]
2. Explain the terms Hydraulic Grade Line and Total Energy Line. Compare the total energy line and hydraulic grade lines for the pipe sections if there is sudden enlargement in the pipe section or sudden contraction in the pipe with the help of sketches. [8]
3. Describe the term most economical section of a channel. Explain the condition for most economical rectangular section for an open channel flow. [6]
4. Differentiate between the terms kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity. Give suitable examples to support your answer. [8]
5. Discuss the advantages of dimensional and model analysis. [4]

Predator-Prey

You are a scientist that studies raccoon behavior and diet. Although raccoons are carnivores, they have a very diverse and opportunistic diet. As part of your research you are collecting scats (raccoon poop) from rural areas in the Shawnee National Forest, as well as urban areas (neighborhoods of Carbondale and Marion, Illinois). Explain in detail how you will use the raccoon scats to identify diet items of raccoons (include some of the techniques you will use). Do you expect a difference in diet items between rural and urban areas? Explain why or why not. Name some examples of food items you expect to find in raccoon scats for both rural and urban raccoons. What are some health considerations to keep in mind when studying and handling scats? (This is a discussion question. Please write full sentences with proper grammar. Take care to address every part of this discussion question)

1. The faculty of a university mathematics department is concerned about the performance of students in the introductory calculus offered by the department and required of all science and engineering majors. Historically, class averages on the test have been about 75, a passing grade but indicative that students may not be learning the material as well as they need to in order to go on to the next course. The chair would like to raise the average to at least 80. The department decides to implement a tutoring program in which each section of the course has assigned to it an advanced student who has done very well in the course previously. That student attends the section assigned and is available for student consultation 10 hours each week outside of class. A random sample of 50 students from the first semester of the program is selected and the test score for each student in the sample is recorded. The sample of scores is provided below.

78      75      74      73      70      75      70      71      77      78

74      77      81      76      78      72      73      73      75      77

72      82      80      74      72      77      77      73      79      75

74      80      78      76      79      81      75      71      74      78

75      71      75      77      72      74      77      75      77      78

What do these 50 scores suggest about the chair’s concern? Be specific about assumptions, hypotheses being tested, test statistic used, and the critical region for your test. Interpret the results of your test in regard to the concerns of the chair. (You may do this test by hand or get SPSS to do it for you. If you use SPSS, please provide the output it produces along with your interpretation of the results.) As in problem 2, you need not consider any confidence intervals.

Red Cabbage Lab

1.

Besides boiling Red Cabbage in water, another way to extract the anthocyanins is to

2.

Which of the following may also be used to extract anthocyanins to use as pH indicators?

3.

QUESTION 4

Which of the following best explains how a pH indicator works?

4.

What is unique about red cabbage extract pH indicator compared to pH paper?

5.

Copy below and enter the information and data/observations as listed for each liquid tested in the experiment:

Liquid Tested:__________________

Red Cabbage Extract Color ___________ and interpreted pH [   ]

pH Paper Color __________ and interpreted pH [   ]

1. An individual has low blood oxygen levels, due to insufficient numbers of circulating red blood cells. (The erythrocytes are completely healthy; there’s just not enough of them.) Describe the processes by which the body stimulates the production of new erythrocytes. Your response should include a review of all body cells and structures capable of detecting low oxygen levels, the body responses that stimulate erythrocyte production, and the actual synthesis and maturation process in the red bone marrow. In addition, any short-term body processes that compensate for the low blood oxygen levels not involving erythrocyte production should be discussed in detail as well.

2. An individual has low blood glucose levels—not low enough to cause symptoms, but enough to cause the body to attempt a restoration to normal levels. Describe all processes by which the body induces the increase of blood sugar levels. Your response should include a review of all body cells and structures capable of detecting low glucose levels, the body responses that stimulate glucose production, and all processes for the actual synthesis of glucose. (While this is not a biochemistry class, a thorough discussion of the two major glucose production pathways is expected; a couple sentences for each will not suffice for full credit.)

Mix the watery environment of Elodea with a pH indicator called phenol red. In the presence of an acid, phenol red will appear yellow. In the presence of a strong base, phenol red will appear purple. Intermediate colors correspond with intermediate pH values. Recall that plants use CO₂ for photosynthesis; the concentration of CO₂ will determine the pH of a solution. Plants also produce CO₂ as a byproduct of cellular respiration.

1. Will a solution with a high concentration of CO₂ be acidic or basic? Why? (search on the internet)
2. As Elodea uses CO₂ during photosynthesis, will the solution become more acidic or basic? If the solution is also mixed with phenol red, what color should it become over time?
3. Will the concentration of CO₂ increase or decrease for Elodea in darkness? What color will the phenol red indicator show over time?
4. Which colors of visible light are used by chlorophyll for photosynthesis? Which are not?
5. Write a hypothesis for how the intensity of light would affect the photosynthetic rate in Elodea.