Please summarize the passage below in at least 225 words.

Recognizing the limitations of the generic truck weight data and conservative assumptions made during the calibration of live load factors for bridge rating, the AASHTO load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) manual for bridge evaluation provides sufficient flexibility and allows state agencies to adjust the live load factors based on their individual conditions and site-specific or state-specific information. This paper describes a reliability-based process that can be followed to perform such adjustments and illustrates its application using an example in which the procedure was followed during the calibration of a LRFR methodology for New York State bridges. This methodology is applied to the rating of existing bridges, posting of understrength bridges, and checking of permit trucks. The live load models used during the calibration are based on weigh-in-motion data collected from several representative sites. The LRFR live load factors developed using the proposed calibration process would provide uniform and consistent levels of bridge safety and reliability for the bridge classes and configurations targeted. The target reliability levels used during the calibration should reflect the experience gained by state bridge engineers from evaluation of existing bridges under current loading conditions.

1. QUESTION 1In cross-sectional studies, both the exposure and disease outcome are determined simultaneously for each subject. True or Falses   

2. QUESTION A case-control study provides a snapshot of the population’s health at a given point in time. True or False

3. QUESTION 3 A cohort study is known as a prevalence study. True or  False

4. QUESTION 4 Observational studies suffer from a few limitations that inhibit their ability to identify causal relationships. They are easily influenced by bias and confounding  True or  False

5. QUESTION 5 A cohort study is considered a longitudinal study. True or False

6. QUESTION 6 A case-control study design is optimal for a rare disease. True or False

7. QUESTION 7 In a cross-sectional study, you can calculate the prevalence of exposure and the prevalence of disease.  True or False

8. QUESTION 8 Confounding is a type of systematic error in epidemiologic studies. True or False

9. QUESTION 9 Attributable risk answers the question of how much of the disease that occurs can be attributed to a certain exposure.  True or False

10. QUESTION 10 In an RCT, the population is randomly sampled.  True or False

11. QUESTION 11 In epidemiology, correlation=causation.  True or  False

12. A confounder is on the casual pathway between the exposure and disease.  True or False

13. QUESTION 12

    In a study begun in 2010, a group of 3000 adults in The Bronx were asked about sugar consumption. The occurrence of diabetes between 2010 and 2020 was studied in this group. This is an example of:

    		prospective cohort study
    		ecological study
    		case-control study
    		cross-sectional study
    		retrospective cohort study

QUESTION 20

1. A community assesses a random sample of its residents by telephone questionnaire in 2019. They find drinking alcohol is strongly associated with diagnosed liver disease. This study design is best described as which one of the following?

   		prospective cohort study
   		ecological study
   		case-control study
   		cross-sectional study
   		retrospective cohort study

2. In an experiment on a two-port network, the following observations are recorded:

V1 = 25 mV and I2 = 5 mA with port 1 open-circuited and V2 = 10 V

I1 = 10 mA and I2 = 1 A with port 2 short-circuited and V1 = 20 V

1. Obtain the Z-parameter of the two-port network.

2. Based on part Q2(b)(i), determine whether the network is reciprocal or otherwise.

Discuss and distinguish between a 'case-control' and a 'cohort' study.

A student does an experiment to determine the molar solubility of lead(II) iodide. He constructs a voltaic cell at 298 K consisting of 0.730 M lead nitrate solution and a lead electrode in the cathode compartment, and a saturated lead iodide solution and a lead electrode in the anode compartment.

If the cell potential is measured to be 8.05×10^-2 V, what is the value of K_sp for lead iodide at 298 K based on this experiment?

K_sp for PbI₂ = ________

The Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission increased the tool on the bridges on Route 22 and Interstate 78 from New Jersey to Pennsylvania from $0.50 to $0.75 in December. In November, the Route 22 bridge had 519,337 crossings and the Interstate 78 bridge had 728,002. Suppose that the price elasticity of demand for the Route 22 bridge was .2696 and that for the Interstate 78 bridge was 1.556. (Assume nothing other than the toll change occurred during the months that would affect consumer demand.)

a) How did the revenue from the two bridges change in December? (Be specific.)

b) Suppose that the Commission wanted to increase total revenue from each bridge and could set different prices for the two bridges. Should they be the same or different? If they are the same, should they increase? If they are different, how should they change the prices? (You don’t need to provide a specific price, but just the direction.)

TestLibrary.java

Design and implement a class named Book. A book has a serial number, a title, an author, and a publisher. Create appropriate constructor(s) and accessor and mutator methods for the Book class.

Add a static variable to the Book class and set its initial value to 100000000. When a new book is created, this static variable is automatically incremented by 1 and the new value is assigned as the serial number of the new book.

Design and implement a class named Library. A library has a library name (such as Surrey Central Library), a list of books (which is an array of Book objects. Assume that the maximum number of books for a library is 10000), and the actual number of books in the library. Create a constructor for creating a library object with a given library name. Create a method for adding a book to the library and another method for returning the array of all books. Add another method to get the number of books in the library.

In the main method, create a new library object and create a few books. Add the books to the library. Get the list of books and display their serial numbers, titles, author names, and publishers.

A comparative balance sheet and income statement is shown for Cruz, Inc.

CRUZ, INC.
Income Statement
For Year Ended December 31, 2017

Sales   $509,400

Cost of goods sold    327,800

Gross profit    181,600

Operating expenses      

Depreciation expense$39,200    

Other expenses 92,900  132,100

Income before taxes    49,500

Income taxes expense    18,100

Net income   $31,400

   Required:
Use the indirect method to prepare the cash provided or used from operating activities section only of the statement of cash flows for this company. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)

QS 12-12 Computing cash from asset sales LO P3

Furniture costing $57,700 is sold at its book value in 2017. Acquisitions of furniture total $46,000 cash, on which no depreciation is necessary because it is acquired at year-end. What is the cash inflow related to the sale of furniture?
  

QS 12-12 Computing cash from asset sales LO P3

Furniture costing $57,700 is sold at its book value in 2017. Acquisitions of furniture total $46,000 cash, on which no depreciation is necessary because it is acquired at year-end. What is the cash inflow related to the sale of furniture?