Consider a binary channel transmitting bits independently. Each bit is demodulated with a 0 corresponding to 0 volts and a 1 corresponding to 5 volts. Thus, the received random variable v is normally distributed with variance σ2 = 1 and mean μ = 0 or μ = 5. The demodulated voltage v is compared to a threshold τ to decide whether a bit is a 0 or 1, i.e., decide that a 1 was sent if v > τ and that a 0 was sent if v < τ. Bits are equally probable so that P ( μ = 0 ) = P ( μ = 5 ) = 1 / 2. Note that an error occurs either if a 0 was sent so that μ = 0 but v > τ and a 1 is decided or if a 1 was sent so that μ = 5 but v < τ and a 0 is decided. What are the conditional probabilities P ( v > τ | μ = 0 ) and P ( v < τ | μ = 5 )? What is the resulting probability of error? What value should one choose for τ to minimize the probability of error? If 1250 bytes (8 bits each) are sent, what is the expected number of errors?
In: Statistics and Probability
The history of American popular musical styles such as Jazz and Rock and Roll is an exploration of the fusion of many earlier genres and styles.
For each listening example make a list of major features. What features from each seem to be continued on in later musical styles and even in the music you might listen to today?
West African Drumming:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dFtlcqGW50 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Stephen Foster -1851:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQjGlyRm8ek (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Ragtime 1904:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE86FR2SzBo (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Spiritual - 1909
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUvBGZnL9rE (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
City Blues - 1925:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZxQncVvsuyg (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Country Blues - 1936:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iigXKpgrfYo (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Big Band Swing 1943:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Rhythm and Blues -1947:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xo9auUfitVA (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Bluegrass - 1950's
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=665XeIyMgak (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Bebop - 1950:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LphuCadyQi0 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Western Swing - 1951:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFef08YZ6qk&list=RD0C08jmN1sM8&index=3 (Links to an external site.)Links to an e
Soul - 1954:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnI_LuCJ4Ek (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Rock and Roll - 1955:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgdufzXvjqw (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
In: Psychology
Namibia power company Ltd (Nam power) is a provider of
electricity power and has 30 September as its year-end. Its
functional currency is Namibian dollar
On 1 July 2016, Nam Power ordered goods from at a cost of €75 000.
The goods were shipped on 16 July 2016 to the destination point and
were received in Windhoek on 1 August 2016. The suppliers invoice
was settled on 31 October 2016. The transactions were done on CIF
basis.
The following exchange rates applied during the year
Spot rates
1€ N$
1 March 2016
13.80
1 July 2016
13.85
25 July 2016
12.90
1 August 2016
13.60
30 September 2016
13.20
31 October 2016
13.40
28 February 2017
13.70
30 September 2017
13.80
You are required to prepare the relevant journals for the 2016
financial year of Nam power to record the above transactions.
Include any computations in your narratives
In: Accounting
An investor has two stocks: stock A and stock B. Each stock may
increase in value, decrease in value, or remain unchanged. Consider
the experiment of investing in the two stocks and observing the
change (if any) in value.
a. Construct a tree diagram for this experiment.
b. Use the tree diagram to construct the sample space for this
experiment.
c. If possible, calculate the probability that at least one of the
stocks will increase in value.
If not possible, clearly explain why not.
In: Statistics and Probability
In terms of the concepts examined in this experiment, why can a stingray swim much faster horizontally than vertically in the ocean, if its orientation is horizontal, like the coffee filters in the experiment?
Note: Experiment was about examining an object moving at a relatively high speed in air (with a higher Reynolds number) and an object moving at a relatively low speed in oil (with a lower Reynolds number). The goal was to examine the relationship between the drag force and the speed of the object.
In: Physics
An insurance company wants to monitor the quality of its procedures for handling loss claims from its auto insurance policyholders. Each month the company selects an SRS from all auto insurance claims filed that month to examine them for accuracy and promptness.
What kind of study was this?
A) Matched pairs experiment.
B)Double blind experiment.
C) Observational Study.
D) Randomized comparative experiment.
*Please Explain*
In: Math
Prelab 9: Due at the start of Lab 9
Name:________________________ Lab day________
Show all work, even simple addition and include units and sig figs where applicable.
V final =
C final =
V final =
C final =
V final =
C final =
V final =
C final =
V final =
C final =
V final =
C final =
y= 0.0494x
R^2= 0.9861
In: Chemistry
1. The business began on April 1, 2016
2. The period under consideration is April 1, 2016 - April 30, 2016.
3. For the purposes of this assignment, ignore the effects of income tax, property tax, sales tax, and payroll tax
. 4. Straight-line depreciation method is used.
5. On April 30, 2016, the company had $150 of Office Supplies and $850 of Lawn & Garden Supplies on hand.
6. The telephone bill for April 2016 for $260 was received May 2016.
7. The utility bill for April 2016 for $185 was received May 2016.
8. For the purposes of this assignment, consider the note payable for the truck purchase to be a current liability. Accounting Transactions for the Period of April 1, 2016 - April 30, 2016 Date Description
April 1, 2016 The stockholders purchase 7,500 shares of $10 par value stock. Total cash received is $75,000.
April 1, 2016 The company took a $30,000 business loan from a local bank. The loan is "interest only" loan for three years at a fixed rate of 10%. A ballon payment of the principal will be due in 3 years. The montly interest payment is due by the 10th of the following month.
April 1, 2016 Management rents a combination office and garage facility for $1,000 per month and pays 4 months ($4,000) in advance by cash in addition to a $1,500 security deposit.
April 1, 2016 Purchased a truck valued at $45,000 with a $15,000 down payment and a 4-year $30,000 note payable with an annual interest rate of 5%. The truck has a 5-year useful life and no salvage value. The monthly payment including principal and interest is $690.88. April 1, 2016 Purchased used equipment and trailers for $25,000 cash. The equipment and trailers have a 5-year useful life and no salvage value.
April 2, 2016 Purchased on account Lawn & Garden Supplies in the amount of $6,000 from Wintergreen Garden Center.
April 4, 2016 Dorsey contracted with two local businesses, Preston Hill B & B and Grace's Diner to provide monthly llandscaping service at a rate of $650 per month. Dorsey Landscape will bill the businesses at the end of each month.
April 6, 2016 Purchased $500 of office supplies on account from ABC Office Supply.
April 8, 2016 Paid invoice from Insurance company for 4 months of coverage beginning April 1, 2015 for a total of $1,600.
April 10, 2016 Receipts of cash from landscaping services in the amount of $5,200 were deposited to bank.
April 14, 2016 Paid 1/2 of amount owed to Wintergreen Garden Center.
April 16, 2016 Paid $1,200 in wage expense for the period April 1 - April 15, 2015.
Aprl 19, 2016 Paid ABC Office Supply invoice for purchases on April 6, 2016.
April 20, 2016 Received $7,500 in cash and checks for landscaping services rendered.
April 24, 2016 Returned $500 worth of lawn and garden supplies to Wintergreen Garden Center and received credit on account.
April 25, 2016 Received $1,000 advance deposit from customer for landscaping work to be stared in May 2016.
April 28, 2016 Paid remaining balance owed to Wintergreen Garden Center.
April 30, 2016 Truck Payment # 1 - Total $690.88 (Principal = $565.88; Interest = $125.00)
April 30, 2016 Paid $1,400 in wages expense for the period April 16 - April 30, 2016. April 30, 2016 Pay credit card in full with the following charges incurred in April 2016: Gasoline - $625; Equipment Maintenance - $375; Dues - $150; Uniforms - $425; Advertising $375; Postage $100
April 30, 2016 Sent invoices to Grace's Diner and Preston Hill B & B for monthly lawn service.
April 30, 2016 Paid dividends to shareholders in the amount of $500.
prepare journal enteries for the transactions
In: Accounting
I want to paraphrase for this papers.
The purpose of this report introduces a useful tool, which estimates dust emission and dispersion. DUSTRAN is dust emission and transport model developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. According to Shaw (2008), “(DUSTRAN), which calculates atmospheric dust concentrations that result from both natural and human activity.” We show three examples that it was applied to actual situations: dust concentration with observations of wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission during high winds in southern Iraq, and transport of sea salt aerosols.
First, a research group (Shaw, et al., 2008) shows both the DUSTRAN algorithm and the comparison of simulated dust concentration with data at the site. The measurements were made in southeastern Washington to monitor site recovering after a fire that occurred in 2001.The DUSTRAN has a dust emissions model for calculating emissions due to both natural and human activity. Moreover, it makes possible to get dust emission for specific particle size such as PM2.5, PM10, and so on. They also explain (Shaw, et al., 2008) the calculation of the atmospheric concentration of particulate matter caused by wind erosion, and it requires soil composition, characteristics of the soil crust vegetation cover, and soil moisture. They concluded that the comparisons had provided availability of the DUSTRAN as to estimate dust emission, however, they also suggested the importance of soil moisture data and the weakness of the DUSTRAN that it tends to overestimate PM10 when dust concentrations are low.
Second, Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman (2015) applies it to air pollution problems at Qarmat-Ali, Basra, Iraq, during 2003. Before their study, the soil had been contaminated by sodium dichromate. Since people who worked at the site have claimed that their health was threatened by exposure to dust contaminating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], they tried to build a model of the situation. To estimate the Cr(VI) concentration in the soil, they used the AERMOD model and the DUSTRAN model. The AERMOD model was used to calculate the ambient concentration of PM10/Cr(VI). While the AERMOD is widely used in the scientific field as a certain technique for estimating atmospheric transport of pollutants, including particulate matter and any material attached to particles, the author describes that “the AERMOD model is routinely used without any additional recalibration with local data, ...” (Zannetti, Daly, & Freedman, 2015). As an improvement of this point, they combined the DUSTRAN that determines the wind erosion at the local site with it. To calculate the emission rate of dust due to wind erosion, DUSTRAN gives a threshold value which depends on three parameters extracted from a local data: the soil moisture, the soil composition, and the surface roughness. If the wind velocity is larger than the value of the threshold, it assumes that dust is emitted from a source area. In addition to calculating the amount of the dust emission, DUSTRAN provides estimations of the particle size distribution in the dust. And then, DUSTRAN can estimate the amount of particulate matter contained in the dust emission. They finally concluded that they were able to perform a partial validation of the model which is combined generally used model (AERMOD) and the wind erosion process (DUSTRAN), by comparing the simulation outputs with measurement data at the site.
Third, Jensen and his research group (Jensen, et al., 2016) proved the ability of DUSTRAN to model the transport of sea salt aerosols (SSA). By comparing their results from the DUSTRAN simulations with meteorological data taken at the near coast Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and the Environmental Protection Agency-measured CASTNET data from Acadia National Park (NP). As mentioned above DUSTRAN includes dispersion models, however, it is not specialized to a specific matter. The author tried to apply it and evaluate its potential for the modeling of chloride particulate matter by using one of the general dispersion models: CALPUFF which is suitable for mid-size domains of up to 200 km. The author concluded that “Comparisons of simulated and measured data have provided encouragement as to the potential practical value of DUSTRAN in predicting the dispersion of atmospheric chloride from the SSA” (Jensen, et al., 2016). The author mentioned, more experimental data and multiple data sets for DUSTRAN’s input may improve accuracy of a simulation. In conclusion, we have studied applications of DUSTRAN, a dust dispersion modeling system developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, to actual problems: dust concentration with wind erosion in southeastern Washington, contaminated dust emission in southern Iraq, and transports of salt salt aerosols. Each research applied a general dispersion model included in the DUSTRAN system to simulate own situation, and proved the potential of it to estimate the concentration of dust containing an interesting matter such as hexavalent chloride, PM10, and chloride. To get precise results, however, these researches pointed out the importance of the local data measurements at the site. Because wind velocity and the soil moisture contribute to the emission rate simulation, local measurements at the site should be done carefully not to make lacks of data. Finally, as an application of DUSTRAN to nuclear study fields, it has a possibility to simulate an atmospheric transportation of dust containing a radionuclide after an accidental release from nuclear facilities. In this case, it also needs a local meteorological data, so tireless efforts of measurements are an essential factor for simulation.
References
Jensen, P., Tran, T., Fritz, B., Rutz, F., Ross, S., Gorton, A., . . . Trainor, K. (2016). Preliminary Evaluation of the DUSTRAN Modeling Suite for Modeling Atmospheric Chloride Transport. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health,10(1), 25-31. doi:10.1007/s11869016-0404-5
Shaw, W. J., Allwine, K. J., Fritz, B. G., Rutz, F. C., Rishel, J. P., & Chapman, E. G. (2008). An evaluation of the wind erosion module in DUSTRAN. Atmospheric Environment,42(8), 1907-1921. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.022
Zannetti, P., Daly, A. D., & Freedman, F. R. (2015). Dispersion modeling of particulate matter containing hexavalent chromium during high winds in southern Iraq. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(2), 171-185. doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.981317
In: Civil Engineering
A battery is connected across a series combination of two identical resistors. If the potential difference across the terminals is V and the current in the battery is i, then:
Which of these statement are true?
The potential difference across each resistor is V and the current in each resistor is i
The potential difference across each resistor is V/2 and the current in each resistor is i
The potential difference across each resistor is V and the current in each resistor is i/2
The potential difference across each resistor is V/2 and the current in each resistor is i/2
None of these are true
In: Physics