Passage 14 (Questions 78–81)

The following experiments study the reactivities of several active metals (Experiment 1) and halogens (Experiment 2).

Experiment 1

Pea-sized samples of five active metals were placed in deionized water, and observations were recorded in Table 1.

Experiment 2

A saturated aqueous solution of Cl₂ was added to separate aqueous solutions of NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI and mixed well. Observations were recorded. In addition, samples of salt solutions were added to separate electrolysis cells, and the minimum voltage required to produce an observable reaction at the anode was recorded. H₂(g) was produced at the cathode in each cell and, except for the NaF solution, the solutions became basic. Results are recorded in Table 2.

Experiment 1 was repeated with 0.40 g of calcium, and the gas that evolved was collected. The identity of the gas, and its approximate volume at 1.0 atm and 27°C were:
(Note: R = 0.0821 L•atm/mol•K)

H₂, 250 mL.

H₂, 500 mL.

O₂, 250 mL.

O₂, 500 mL.

1)A professor using an open-source introductory statistics book predicts that 60% of the students will purchase a hard copy of the book, 25% will print it out from the web, and 15% will read it online. She has 200 students this semester. Assuming that the professor's predictions were correct, calculate the expected number of students who read the book online.

2)The number of AIDS cases reported for Santa Clara County, California is broken down by race in the table below. Source: "HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Santa Clara County", Santa Clara County Public Health Department, May 2011.

Directions: Conduct a chi-square test for goodness-of-fit to determine whether or not the occurrence of AIDS cases is consistent with the race distribution of Santa Clara County.

1. Choose the correct null and alternative hypotheses.
   • H0:H0: The distribution of AIDS cases is consistent with the race distribution in Santa Clara County.
     HaHa The distribution of AIDS cases is different from the race distribution in Santa Clara County.
   • H0H0 The distribution of AIDS cases is different from the race distribution in Santa Clara County.
     Ha:Ha: The distribution of AIDS cases is consistent with the race distribution in Santa Clara County.
2. Compute the test statistic.
   
   The population distribution of Santa Clara County by race is provided in the table below. Use these percentages to compute the expected number of cases for each racial group. Round each of the expected counts to 2 decimal places.
   

   Race	Proportion	Expected cases
   White	0.424
   Hispanic	0.259
   Black	0.025
   Asian/Pacific Islander	0.292
   Total	1

   
   Determine the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to 1 decimal place.
   
   χ2=χ2=
   
3. Compute the p-value. Round your answer to 4 decimal places.
   
   p-value =
   
4. Interpret the results of the significance test.
   • The differences between the distribution of AIDS cases and the distribution of the general population in Santa Clara County are not statistically significant. From a practical perspective, the differences are minor.
   • The differences between the distribution of AIDS cases and the distribution of the general population in Santa Clara County is statistically significant. The differences are also important from a practical perspective. For example, the number of blacks with AIDS is 3.6 times more than expected and the number of Asian/Pacific Islanders with AIDS is 4.1 times less than expected.

In the interest of detecting the few children remaining who believe in Santa Claus, you give the latest test for “Belief in Santa Claus” from Canadian Living magazine to your little brother. According to the test, if the child answers more than 10 or more of the questions with the correct “Santa answer”, then the child is declared to believe in Santa Claus. From that perspective, describe with reference to the test

(a) what would be a Type I error for the test? (1 point)
(b) what would constitute a Type II error for the test? (1 point)

(c) what would correspond to the power of the test? (1 point)

(d) what corresponds to the criterion of the test? (2 points)

In the Introductory Survey we asked if you had paid employment while studying at university. We also asked this question in the equivalent survey for Semester 2 2018. A summary of the results for this question from both surveys is shown in the table below. ‘Working’ denotes students who said that they had some kind of paid employment while studying, ‘Total’ denotes the total number of students who responded to these questions in the surveys. 2019 Semester 1 Working 355 Total 627 2018 Semester 2 250 510 STAT101 includes a very wide range of students. For this question we will assume that these samples can be regarded as random samples from the total populations of first year UC students in Semester 1 2019 and Semester 2 2018, respectively. a) Use the data to construct a 90% confidence interval for the population proportion of first year UC students who were working while studying at the start of Semester 1 2019. b) Use the data to construct a 90% confidence interval for the population proportion of first year UC students who were working while studying at the start Semester 2 2018. c) Use your confidence intervals to comment on the suggestion that the proportion of first year UC students who were working while studying was higher at the start of Semester 1 2019 than at the start of Semester 2 2018. Give your response in one or two brief sentences.

Find an article about the 2016 presidential election. Evaluate the article for priming, framing, and slant. Identify the following:

The title and author of the article Is the article produced by a public or private outlet?

Who is the intended audience’s and what is that group’s ideological leaning? Next, reflect upon your overall evaluation of the article’s legitimacy.

Do you agree with the arguments and or facts presented or do you disagree. Why or why not?

In discharge over V-notch experiment, calibration curve (using log Q vs log H) is plotted. How would you interpret results which, when plotted logarithmically, fall on a line which is not straight but slightly curved? and, What are the effects of a change in the V-notch angle on the discharge equation and the accuracy of flow measurement?

1. A magnet is inserted into a coil of wire consisting of 10000 loops. The cross-sectional area of the coil is 0.5 m²and is kept in a uniform magnetic field of B = 4 T. Assume that the angle between the surface normal of the coil and magnetic field is q_o= 45^oat t₀= 0s. The coil is rotated at a constant rate to an angle, q= 90⁰at t = 60s. What is the average induced voltage (emf) induced in the coil?

A) 177 V        B) 220 V         C) 288.70 V    D) 235.70 V

2. To have stationary interference pattern in young double slit experiment, wavelength of incident beams should be:

A) Same         B) different      C) zero D) Infinite

3. If we switch from red laser (l= 670nm) to green laser (l= 530nm) in a Young’s double slit diffraction experiment then what happens to the fringe pattern?

A) Nothing     B) Position of the Principle maxima changed by 130 nm.

C) Separation between fringes increases.       D) Separation between fringes decreases

To be done in Java

Consider the partially complete book class given.    Make the following additions to the book class.

• Add a getAuthor() and a getTitle() method to the book class. They should take no parameters and should return a String.
• Change the 3-parameter constructor for the class so that it correctly initializes the member variables.
• Write an accessor method called getPages().
• Add a zero parameter getDetails() method to the Book class. It should assemble the information for a book as a single string that is returned by the method. Format the string that is returned exactly as follows, with no leading or trailing spaces or hard returns, where the words inside the brackets represent the data from the object. Do not include the square brackets in the string.
• [title] by [author]([pages]pp)

/**

* A class that maintains information on a book.

* This might form part of a larger application such

* as a library system, for instance.

* @author (Insert your name here.)

* @version (Insert today's date here.)

*/

public class Book

{

    // The fields.

    private String author;

    private String title;

    private int pages;

    /**

    * Zero parameter constructor calls the 3-parameter constructor with default values

    * when this object is constructed

    */

    public Book()

    {

        this("n/a", "n/a",0);

    }

    /**

     * Set the author and title fields when this object

     * is constructed.

     */

    public Book(String bookAuthor, String bookTitle, int numPages)

    {

        author = bookAuthor;

        title = bookTitle;

    }

}

(a) Given a wave function, if the quanton's energy is less than its potential at a location, how can you tell where V is large and where V is small (with V > E)?

(b) Describe key components of Stern-Gerlach apparatus, one result of the Stern-Gerlach experiment, and what this result says about the nature of particles.

(c) Describe the photoelectric effect, one result of the photoelectric effect, and what this result says about the nature of photons.