Which of the following reactions is unique to the process of glycolysis?

            a.         fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ====> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate +     dihydroxyacetone phosphate

            b.         2-phosphoglycerate =====> 3-phosphoglycerate

            c.         glucose-6-phosphate =====> fructose-6-phosphate

            d.         phosphoenolpyruvate =====> pyruvate

Explain the process of aerobic cellular respiration. List all steps, main reactants, and main products. Why would an organism perform go through the Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis instead of solely performing Glycolysis?

Da Bait University was the first to successfully clone a cat and her name was CC. She was not identical to her predecessor, rainbow, but the researchers were able to prove that her DNA was indeed the same. What factors contributed to the difference between Rainbow and her clone CC?

A) X inactivation of the black allele

B) both environmental effects on white spotting and X inactivation of the black allele

C) Both environmental effects on white spotting and X inactivation of the orange allele

D) X inactivation of the orange allele

E) the dominant white allele disrupted by a transposon in CC

The value of a famous work of art increases over time according to dA  kA , where t is time in years dt

since 1990, when the artwork was worth $6000. In the year 2000, it sold at auction for $14000.
a) Build a general form of the function A(t), and use that and the above information to determine the

growth constant, k. Round it to 4-decimal places.

b).Write out the fully determined function.

c).Use your function to determine the estimated value of the artwork this year, 2020, rounded to the nearest $1

d).How many years from 1990 until the artwork is worth $200,000?

da Sidha Karya Company is a family-owned company located in the village of Gianyar on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The company produces a handcrafted Balinese musical instrument called a gamelan that is similar to a xylophone. The gamelans are sold for $652. Selected data for the company’s operations last year follow:

Required:

1. Assume that the company uses absorption costing. Compute the unit product cost for one gamelan. (Round your intermediate calculations and final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

2. Assume that the company uses variable costing. Compute the unit product cost for one gamelan.

What is the effect of Cl on the acidity of carboxylic acids?

What is the numbering scheme for naming fatty acids.

2.a Which of the following is unlikely to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's (choose all that apply)?

1. Age
2. inheriting a mutation that causes a deletion of the APP gene
3. smoking
4. inheriting a hypoactive allele of Presenilin 2 gene
5. inheriting the APOE4 allele
6. inheriting an extra copy of the APP gene

2.b Amyloid beta protein fragments (choose all that apply):

1. Result from proteolytic Cleavage by alpha and beta secretase enzymes
2. Are typically greater than 45 amino acids in length
3. Can be degraded by Neprilysin.
4. Result from proteolytic cleavage by beta and gamma secretase enzymes
5. Can be removed from extracellular regions by astrocytes and microglia

2.c Which of the following is a common feature of Alzheimer’s brain tissue? Choose all that apply.

1. Widened sulci
2. Atrophy of the cerebellum
3. Abnormal enlargement of the hippocampus
4. Narrowed gyri
5. Reduction in the volume of ventricles (containing cerebral spinal fluid)

2.d Which of the following is associated with Moderate Alzheimer's disease? Choose all that apply.

1. short term memory loss
2. language deficits
3. social withdrawal
4. loss of motor skills
5. incontinence

2.e Tay Sachs is typically diagnosed:

1. By determining the organelle localization of HexA in neuronal samples
2. By measuring HexA enzymatic activity in various bodily tissues/fluids
3. Through genetic counseling
4. All of the above.

2.f An individual with ____________ Tay Sachs is likely to develop motor difficulties in their 30’s.

1. Chronic
2. Late-onset
3. Juvenile
4. None of the above

1) You have 100 ml of a solution of ATP. You take 25 ?l, and dilute it to a final volume of 1ml. The absorbance of the diluted solution at 259 nm is 0.550.

a) What is the ATP concentration in the original, undiluted solution?

**The molar extinction coefficient for ATP at 259 nm is 15,600 l mol-1cm-1.

b. How many mg of ATP are there in total in the original, undiluted solution?

**The formula weight of ATP is 551.14 g/mole.

2) Fill in the blanks, with one of these 5 amino acids

Lysine/Cysteine/ Valine/ Tryptophan/Aspartate

a) If you dissolve (blank) in water, the resulting pH would be about 8.5

b) if you dissolve (blank) in water, the resulting pH would be about 4

c) (blank) residues would most likely be buried in the core of a folded protein structure

d) Collagen does not absorb strongly at 280 nm. This is because its sequence does not contain many (blank) residues.

e) (blank) can form disulfide bridges in proteins

3) You mix 100 ml of 0.1 M acetic acid with 100 ml of 0.1 M sodium acetate. The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76.

a) What is the pH of this mixture?

b) You then add 10 ml of 25 mM HCl. What will the new pH be?

c) What would the resulting pH be if you just added 10 ml of 25mM HCl to 200 ml of distilled water?