From the MathWorks Cody Challenges (Problem 9).

You have a matrix for which each row is a person and the columns represent the number of quarters, nickels, dimes, and pennies that person has (in that order). What is the row index of the person with the most money?

Note for those unfamiliar with American coins: quarter = $0.25, nickel = $0.05, dime = $0.10, penny = $0.01.

Example:

Input a = [1 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0]
Output b = 1

since the first person will have $0.25 and the second person will have only $0.05.

TASKS:

1. Download the attached Live Script file, Cody_009_Most_Change_stub.mlx, which has the basic setup for the problem.
2. Write a function most_change() which takes as its input a matrix and returns two entities: (1) M, the maximum value of the coins held by a single player; and (2) b, the row number of the player with the maximal value. You will write two versions of this function to compare the speed of using loops to the speed of using matrix operations (put only one version in the live script at a time).

a. The first version is to be done without the use of matrix multiplication; instead, use for loop(s) to find the total value of the coins held by each player. Pseudocodefor this version:

%% Initialize variables for (1) most money seen so far (say, M = -1), and 

%% (2) which was the first player to have that amount (say, b = 0).

%% Use the size() function to find the total number of players (number of rows in matrix a)

%% For each player:

%%    find the value of all their change

%%    if that value is the largest seen so far,

%%       update the most money seen so far 

%%       and the first player to have that amount.

%% Return with the maximum value found and which player had that amount

Vaughn Enterprises is a boutique guitar manufacturer. The company produces both acoustic and electric guitars for rising and established professional musicians. Vanessa Aaron, the company’s sales manager, prepared the following sales forecast for 2018. The forecasted sales prices include a 5% increase in the acoustic guitar price and a 10% increase in the electric guitar price, to cover anticipated increases in raw materials prices.

Freese, Inc., is in the process of preparing the fourth quarter budget for 2016, and the following data have been assembled:

The company sells a single product at a price of $61 per unit. The estimated sales volume for the next six months is as follows:

All sales are on account. The company's collection experience has been that 30% of a month's sales are collected in the month of sale, 68% are collected in the month following the sale, and 2% are uncollectible. It is expected that the net realizable value of accounts receivable (i.e., accounts receivable less allowance for uncollectible accounts) will be $323,544 on September 30, 2016.

Management's policy is to maintain ending finished goods inventory each month at a level equal to 30% of the next month's budgeted sales. The finished goods inventory on September 30, 2016, is expected to be 2,160 units.

To make one unit of finished product, 4 pounds of materials are required. Management's policy is to have enough materials on hand at the end of each month to equal 40% of the next month's estimated usage. The raw materials inventory is expected to be 12,096 pounds on September 30, 2016.

The cost per pound of raw material is $7, and 70% of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase; the remainder is paid in the following month. The accounts payable for raw material purchases is expected to be $63,806 on September 30, 2016.

Required:
a. Prepare a sales budget in units and dollars, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter (October, November, and December) of 2016.

b. Prepare a schedule of cash collections from sales, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

c. Prepare a production budget in units, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

d. Prepare a materials purchases budget in pounds, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

e. Prepare a schedule of cash payments for materials, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

Freese, Inc., is in the process of preparing the fourth quarter budget for 2016, and the following data have been assembled: The company sells a single product at a price of $70 per unit. The estimated sales volume for the next six months is as follows: September 14,300 units October 13,200 units November 15,400 units December 22,000 units January 9,900 units February 11,000 units All sales are on account. The company's collection experience has been that 30% of a month's sales are collected in the month of sale, 68% are collected in the month following the sale, and 2% are uncollectible. It is expected that the net realizable value of accounts receivable (i.e., accounts receivable less allowance for uncollectible accounts) will be $680,680 on September 30, 2016. Management's policy is to maintain ending finished goods inventory each month at a level equal to 30% of the next month's budgeted sales. The finished goods inventory on September 30, 2016, is expected to be 3,960 units. To make one unit of finished product, 4 pounds of materials are required. Management's policy is to have enough materials on hand at the end of each month to equal 40% of the next month's estimated usage. The raw materials inventory is expected to be 22,176 pounds on September 30, 2016. The cost per pound of raw material is $6, and 70% of all purchases are paid for in the month of purchase; the remainder is paid in the following month. The accounts payable for raw material purchases is expected to be $100,267 on September 30, 2016.

Required: a. Prepare a sales budget in units and dollars, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter (October, November, and December) of 2016.

b. Prepare a schedule of cash collections from sales, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

c. Prepare a production budget in units, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

d. Prepare a materials purchases budget in pounds, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016.

e. Prepare a schedule of cash payments for materials, by month and in total, for the fourth quarter of 2016. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)

1. Some experts estimated that national health spending in the United States grew at 1% in excess of the growth rates of GDP. Assume that this trend would persist for the foreseeable future, and given the fact that the share of GDP on health spending stood at 18% in 2016, what would become the share in 2064, 45 years from now (and 48 years from 2016, the base year), when most of you would enter the traditional retirement age? We should assume that GDP would grow at 3% annually. Do you have a problem with the number you arrive at?

Assume that you are considering purchasing an item that you currently manufacture. The manufacturing department of your firm has informed you that the average cost of the item produced inhouse is $66.00 per unit. You can produce as you need it, so no finished goods inventory is kept when you manufacture it yourself. Accounting has informed you that 9.1% of the fixed costs will not be saved if you stop producing the item. The item has associated with it seasonal quarterly demand as follows:

a. Calculate the total annual variable cost associated with manufacturing the item yourself in-house: Total Annual Variable Cost:_____________________________

After receiving the RFQs back from a list of suppliers, you decide to go with a supplier that will sell the item to you at a unit cost of $52. It has been calculated that the cost to place an order with this supplier is $25 per order. The holding cost is estimated to be 18% of unit cost per year with no need for safety stock since the seller you would work with is local and has the excess capacity needed to supply the items as you need them.

b. Using the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model, evaluate the Total Annual Cost associated with outsourcing this item. Please fill out the table below (round to 2 decimal places):

Overall Total Annual Cost:

c. Given the annual cost analysis above, should you continue to manufacture the item in-house or purchase it from this supplier? Support you conclusion with savings figures.

Mercedes, Co. has the following quarterly financial information. 4th Quarter 3rd Quarter 2nd Quarter 1st Quarter Sales Revenue $ 925,800 $ 935,300 $ 933,600 $ 941,400 Cost of Goods Sold 305,700 318,300 317,900 323,100 Operating Expenses 248,900 260,300 258,500 262,600 Interest Expense 4,200 4,200 4,200 4,100 Income Tax Expense 85,500 88,400 88,400 90,900 Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding 799,030 794,064 795,670 809,000 Stock price when Q4 EPS released $ 24 Required: Calculate the gross profit percentage for each quarter. Calculate the net profit margin for each quarter. Calculate the EPS for each quarter. Calculate the Price/Earnings ratio at the end of the year.

• Required A
• Required B
• Required C
• Required D

Calculate the gross profit percentage for each quarter. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.)

• Required A
• Required B
• Required C
• Required D

Calculate the net profit margin for each quarter. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.)

• Required A
• Required B
• Required C
• Required D

Calculate the EPS for each quarter. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answers to 2 decimal places.)

• Required A
• Required B
• Required C
• Required D

Calculate the Price/Earnings ratio at the end of the year. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

“We really need to get this new material-handling equipment in operation just after the new year begins. I hope we can finance it largely with cash and marketable securities, but if necessary we can get a short-term loan down at MetroBank.” This statement by Beth Davies-Lowry, president of Intercoastal Electronics Company, concluded a meeting she had called with the firm’s top management. Intercoastal is a small, rapidly growing wholesaler of consumer electronic products. The firm’s main product lines are small kitchen appliances and power tools. Marcia Wilcox, Intercoastal’s General Manager of Marketing, has recently completed a sales forecast. She believes the company’s sales during the first quarter of 20x1 will increase by 10 percent each month over the previous month’s sales. Then Wilcox expects sales to remain constant for several months. Intercoastal’s projected balance sheet as of December 31, 20x0, is as follows:

Jack Hanson, the assistant controller, is now preparing a monthly budget for the first quarter of 20x1. In the process, the following information has been accumulated:

Projected sales for December of 20x0 are $500,000. Credit sales typically are 80 percent of total sales. Intercoastal’s credit experience indicates that 10 percent of the credit sales are collected during the month of sale, and the remainder are collected during the following month.

Intercoastal’s cost of goods sold generally runs at 70 percent of sales. Inventory is purchased on account, and 40 percent of each month’s purchases are paid during the month of purchase. The remainder is paid during the following month. In order to have adequate stocks of inventory on hand, the firm attempts to have inventory at the end of each month equal to half of the next month’s projected cost of goods sold.

Hanson has estimated that Intercoastal’s other monthly expenses will be as follows:

In addition, sales commissions run at the rate of 2 percent of sales.

Intercoastal’s president, Davies-Lowry, has indicated that the firm should invest $115,000 in an automated inventory-handling system to control the movement of inventory in the firm’s warehouse just after the new year begins. These equipment purchases will be financed primarily from the firm’s cash and marketable securities. However, Davies-Lowry believes that Intercoastal needs to keep a minimum cash balance of $50,000. If necessary, the remainder of the equipment purchases will be financed using short-term credit from a local bank. The minimum period for such a loan is three months. Hanson believes short-term interest rates will be 10 percent per year at the time of the equipment purchases. If a loan is necessary, Davies-Lowry has decided it should be paid off by the end of the first quarter if possible.

Intercoastal’s board of directors has indicated an intention to declare and pay dividends of $50,000 on the last day of each quarter.

The interest on any short-term borrowing will be paid when the loan is repaid. Interest on Intercoastal’s bonds is paid semiannually on January 31 and July 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Property taxes are paid semiannually on February 28 and August 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Required:

Prepare Intercoastal Electronics Company’s master budget for the first quarter of 20x1 by completing the following schedules and statements.

“We really need to get this new material-handling equipment in operation just after the new year begins. I hope we can finance it largely with cash and marketable securities, but if necessary we can get a short-term loan down at MetroBank.” This statement by Beth Davies-Lowry, president of Intercoastal Electronics Company, concluded a meeting she had called with the firm’s top management. Intercoastal is a small, rapidly growing wholesaler of consumer electronic products. The firm’s main product lines are small kitchen appliances and power tools. Marcia Wilcox, Intercoastal’s General Manager of Marketing, has recently completed a sales forecast. She believes the company’s sales during the first quarter of 20x1 will increase by 10 percent each month over the previous month’s sales. Then Wilcox expects sales to remain constant for several months. Intercoastal’s projected balance sheet as of December 31, 20x0, is as follows:

Jack Hanson, the assistant controller, is now preparing a monthly budget for the first quarter of 20x1. In the process, the following information has been accumulated:

1. Projected sales for December of 20x0 are $500,000. Credit sales typically are 70 percent of total sales. Intercoastal’s credit experience indicates that 10 percent of the credit sales are collected during the month of sale, and the remainder are collected during the following month.
2. Intercoastal’s cost of goods sold generally runs at 70 percent of sales. Inventory is purchased on account, and 40 percent of each month’s purchases are paid during the month of purchase. The remainder is paid during the following month. In order to have adequate stocks of inventory on hand, the firm attempts to have inventory at the end of each month equal to half of the next month’s projected cost of goods sold.
3. Hanson has estimated that Intercoastal’s other monthly expenses will be as follows:

   Sales salaries	$	35,000
   Advertising and promotion		16,000
   Administrative salaries		35,000
   Depreciation		25,000
   Interest on bonds		1,250
   Property taxes		1,500

   
   In addition, sales commissions run at the rate of 2 percent of sales.

4. Intercoastal’s president, Davies-Lowry, has indicated that the firm should invest $105,000 in an automated inventory-handling system to control the movement of inventory in the firm’s warehouse just after the new year begins. These equipment purchases will be financed primarily from the firm’s cash and marketable securities. However, Davies-Lowry believes that Intercoastal needs to keep a minimum cash balance of $40,000. If necessary, the remainder of the equipment purchases will be financed using short-term credit from a local bank. The minimum period for such a loan is three months. Hanson believes short-term interest rates will be 10 percent per year at the time of the equipment purchases. If a loan is necessary, Davies-Lowry has decided it should be paid off by the end of the first quarter if possible.
5. Intercoastal’s board of directors has indicated an intention to declare and pay dividends of $50,000 on the last day of each quarter.
6. The interest on any short-term borrowing will be paid when the loan is repaid. Interest on Intercoastal’s bonds is paid semiannually on January 31 and July 31 for the preceding six-month period.
7. Property taxes are paid semiannually on February 28 and August 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Required:
Prepare Intercoastal Electronics Company’s master budget for the first quarter of 20x1 by completing the following schedules and statements.

2. Cash receipts budget:

“We really need to get this new material-handling equipment in operation just after the new year begins. I hope we can finance it largely with cash and marketable securities, but if necessary we can get a short-term loan down at MetroBank.” This statement by Beth Davies-Lowry, president of Intercoastal Electronics Company, concluded a meeting she had called with the firm’s top management. Intercoastal is a small, rapidly growing wholesaler of consumer electronic products. The firm’s main product lines are small kitchen appliances and power tools. Marcia Wilcox, Intercoastal’s General Manager of Marketing, has recently completed a sales forecast. She believes the company’s sales during the first quarter of 20x1 will increase by 10 percent each month over the previous month’s sales. Then Wilcox expects sales to remain constant for several months. Intercoastal’s projected balance sheet as of December 31, 20x0, is as follows:

Jack Hanson, the assistant controller, is now preparing a monthly budget for the first quarter of 20x1. In the process, the following information has been accumulated:

1. Projected sales for December of 20x0 are $500,000. Credit sales typically are 70 percent of total sales. Intercoastal’s credit experience indicates that 20 percent of the credit sales are collected during the month of sale, and the remainder are collected during the following month.

2. Intercoastal’s cost of goods sold generally runs at 70 percent of sales. Inventory is purchased on account, and 30 percent of each month’s purchases are paid during the month of purchase. The remainder is paid during the following month. In order to have adequate stocks of inventory on hand, the firm attempts to have inventory at the end of each month equal to half of the next month’s projected cost of goods sold.

3. Hanson has estimated that Intercoastal’s other monthly expenses will be as follows:

   Sales salaries	$	35,000
   Advertising and promotion		16,000
   Administrative salaries		35,000
   Depreciation		20,000
   Interest on bonds		1,650
   Property taxes		1,200

   In addition, sales commissions run at the rate of 3 percent of sales.

4. Intercoastal’s president, Davies-Lowry, has indicated that the firm should invest $105,000 in an automated inventory-handling system to control the movement of inventory in the firm’s warehouse just after the new year begins. These equipment purchases will be financed primarily from the firm’s cash and marketable securities. However, Davies-Lowry believes that Intercoastal needs to keep a minimum cash balance of $40,000. If necessary, the remainder of the equipment purchases will be financed using short-term credit from a local bank. The minimum period for such a loan is three months. Hanson believes short-term interest rates will be 10 percent per year at the time of the equipment purchases. If a loan is necessary, Davies-Lowry has decided it should be paid off by the end of the first quarter if possible.

5. Intercoastal’s board of directors has indicated an intention to declare and pay dividends of $75,000 on the last day of each quarter.

6. The interest on any short-term borrowing will be paid when the loan is repaid. Interest on Intercoastal’s bonds is paid semiannually on January 31 and July 31 for the preceding six-month period.

7. Property taxes are paid semiannually on February 28 and August 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Required:

Prepare Intercoastal Electronics Company’s master budget for the first quarter of 20x1 by completing the following schedules and statements.