11. Consider whether each of the following events is likely to increase or decrease real GDP. In each case, do you think the well-being of the average person in society most likely changes in the same direction as real GDP? Why or why not?

a. A hurricane in Florida forces Disney World to shut down for a month.

b. The discovery of a new, easy-to-grow strain of wheat increases farm harvests.

c. Increased hostility between unions and management sparks a rash of strikes.

d. Firms throughout the economy experience falling demand, causing them to lay off workers.

e. Congress passes new environmental laws that prohibit firms from using production methods that emit large quantities of pollution.

f. More high school students drop out of school to take jobs mowing lawns.

g. Fathers around the country reduce their workweeks to spend more time with their children.

1. A survey of 40 individuals reveals that 19% plan to move within the next year. Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of people who plan to move next year.

2. In town A, a survey of 54 families finds a mean household size of 2.13, with a standard deviation of 1.0. In town B, a survey of 65 families finds a mean household size of 2.39, with a standard deviation of 1.2. Find an 86% confidence interval around the difference in means.

Purpose of Assignment As globalization continues to expand worldwide, multinational financial institutions become more important in helping nascent economies. These development banks not only provide financing for intellectual assistance to infrastructure projects, but also make available access to basic education as well. For a well-rounded knowledge of international economics, it is incumbent upon the business student to acquaint themselves of these global institutions. Assignment Steps Resources: Suggested but not required: Vreeland, James. {2003}. The IMF and Economic Development. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Search the Internet for vendors who sell this book or inquire about it with a local library. Select one financial institution from the following list: European Investment Bank Asian Development Bank World Bank Development Bank of Latin America International Monetary Fund Develop the following in a minimum 700-word essay: Describe its origin, organization, purpose, and tax benefits for new business. Analyze the interaction between the selected global financial institution and the exchange rate mechanism of the foreign exchange market. Consider these financial institutions as each team member will need to select international sources of financing for their Week 5 Final Business Plan Individual Assignment.

1. A poll is given, showing 20% are in favor of a new building project.
If 10 people are chosen at random, what is the probability that exactly 4 of them favor the new building project?

2. According to Masterfoods, the company that manufactures M&M’s, 12% of peanut M&M’s are brown, 15% are yellow, 12% are red, 23% are blue, 23% are orange and 15% are green. You randomly select six peanut M&M’s from an extra-large bag of the candies. (Round all probabilities below to four decimal places; i.e. your answer should look like 0.1234, not 0.1234444 or 12.34%.)
a.) Compute the probability that exactly two of the six M&M’s are yellow.
b.) Compute the probability that two or three of the six M&M’s are yellow.
c.) Compute the probability that at most two of the six M&M’s are yellow.
d.) Compute the probability that at least two of the six M&M’s are yellow.

3. A small regional carrier accepted 11 reservations for a particular flight with 10 seats. 7 reservations went to regular customers who will arrive for the flight. Each of the remaining passengers will arrive for the flight with a 40% chance, independently of each other.
a.) Find the probability that overbooking occurs.
b.) Find the probability that the flight has empty seats

4. The Smith family was one of the first to come to the U.S. They had 7 children. Assuming that the probability of a child being a girl is .5, find the probability that the Smith family had:a.) at least 3 girls?
b.) at most 3 girls?

5. A company prices its tornado insurance using the following assumptions:
• In any calendar year, there can be at most one tornado.
• In any calendar year, the probability of a tornado is 0.14.
• The number of tornadoes in any calendar year is independent of the number of tornados in any other calendar year.
Using the company's assumptions, calculate the probability that there are fewer than 3 tornadoes in a 10-year period.

I. You are the Auditor for Winter Valley. You have noticed that the town is recording all transactions in the General Fund. The town has not established any other funds although they have the following activities:

● They are constructing a new City Hall

● They are paying interest and principal on Winter Haven Municipal bonds

● The have established a $3,000,000 endowment fund to fund the maintenance of the town library into perpetuity.

● They have passed a gasoline tax surcharge to fund the planting of flower beds on the sides of central highway.

Required: Prepare a one to two page memo explaining the following:

1. The reasons governments must establish funds.

2. The accounting method and measurement focus used by the governmental funds.

3. The purpose of the General fund 4. An explanation of the additional funds which need to be established to more accurately account for the activities of Winter Valley to assure appropriate accounting and budgetary control.

● II. Write a one page critical analysis of the following article:

Chicago’s Murder Problem By FORD FESSENDEN and HAEYOUN PARK MAY 27, 2016 Chicago police officers at a crime scene in Greater Grand Crossing, one of the city’s most violent neighborhoods, where a 13-year-old boy was shot in both legs in April. There was a time when it looked as if Chicago would follow New York and Los Angeles into a kind of sustained peace. Then progress stalled in 2004, and the city has been through some harrowing years leading up to another alarming spike in homicides this year. \ Already embroiled in a crisis over race and police conduct, Chicago now faces a 62 percent increase in homicides. Through mid-May, 216 people have been killed. Shootings also are up 60 percent. So what’s going on in Chicago? It’s complicated, but a comparison with New York is a good place to start. Both cities began the 1990s with historically high homicide rates; both have diverse populations, including large numbers of blacks, Hispanics and whites, and a wide range of economic fortune as well. Chicago has about the same population as Brooklyn, but a year’s worth of homicides in the two places shows an astonishing difference in the toll. Guns Are a Key Difference People who know both cities say there are some significant differences in policing, especially around the issue of guns. The homicide rate in Chicago is just a little higher than in New York when guns aren’t involved. But when it comes to shootings, both fatal and not, Chicago stands out, suggesting a level of armed interaction that isn’t happening in New York. Chicago has a reputation for strict gun laws, and gun rights advocates often point to it as proof that gun regulation doesn’t reduce violence. But its laws aren’t what they used to be: Federal courts struck down its ban on handgun ownership in 2010, and its ban on gun sales in 2014. And a New York Times analysis showed guns were easily available from nearby jurisdictions, especially Indiana. About This Project And Chicago is more lenient about illegal handguns than New York, prescribing a one-year minimum for possession versus three and a half years in New York. An attempt to match the New York law in 2013 was rejected by the Illinois legislature out of concern for skyrocketing incarceration rates for young black men. New York also hired a lot more police officers in response to the crime of the 1990s, and, during its stop-and-frisk era of the 2000s, steeply increased gun enforcement. Recent studies, including one that looked at increased police presence in London after a terrorist attack, have suggested more police might mean less crime, said Jens Ludwig, the director of Crime Lab at the University of Chicago, which studies crime in both Chicago and New York. Chicago’s Police Department, overwhelmed, can respond only to the most serious problems, leaving citizens to feel responsible for their own security, he said. “Everyone has to establish deterrence on a retail basis,” he said. “People carry guns in public because other people are carrying guns. It’s literally an arms race, a vicious cycle. There are lots of indications that New York City, by taking guns more seriously and hiring more officers, has gotten a lot of guns off the streets, creating a virtuous cycle.” Gang Wars in Chicago Drive Much of Its Violence In Chicago, gang disputes are clearly a big part of homicides, said John Hagedorn, a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago who studies Chicago gangs. “But these are not the same kind of disputes as before – they’re more localized disputes.” Many of Chicago’s gangs have fractured, leading to more violence, said Arthur Lurigio, a criminology professor at Loyola University Chicago. While Latino gangs have remained more hierarchical, black gangs have splintered into small, disparate factions, whose disputes are less over territory and profits, and more over personal insults or shames, often fueled by social media, he said. “Young people are making a lot of indirect threats toward cliques and rival gangs that are being interpreted as being threatening,” said Desmond Patton, a professor at Columbia University who has studied violence on social media. “Tagging is the conversation starter that could lead to someone getting a gun.” In addition to making threats, individuals at times post their location on social media to prove to rivals that they’re tough, he said. In one well-known instance, Gakirah Barnes, a Chicago gang member who was rumored to have killed or shot up to 20 rival gang members, referenced an address she frequented on Twitter. In the tweet, provided by Dr. Patton, Ms. Barnes says “Lz,” which has multiple meanings in Chicago gang cultures, including living life, at address number 6347. Later that day, she was shot and killed near the address. Tweet from Gakirah Barnes’s account Gangs figure in many homicides in New York as well, but recent polls by The New York Times suggest that the gang problem may be worse in Chicago. Although there were differences in the way the polls were conducted, blacks and Hispanics in Chicago expressed significantly less hope than their counterparts in New York that their children would escape gang life. New York City Dr. Hagedorn also points out that though the city also has a lot of Latino gang members, Chicago’s violence is much higher among African-Americans. Three quarters of all homicide offenders and victims are black, he said. “The shootings today are more spontaneous over day-to-day humiliations of youthful African-Americans,” he said. Crime Persists in Chicago’s Most Segregated Neighborhoods Whether exacerbated by gangs or guns, though, Chicago’s killings are happening on familiar turf: Its poor, extremely segregated neighborhoods on the South and West Sides. And many say that is Chicago’s real violence issue. “Where do gangs come from? They tend to take root in the very same neighborhoods that drive these other problems,” said Robert J. Sampson, a professor at Harvard and the author of “Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect.” “You can’t divorce the gang problem from the problem of deep concentrations of poverty.” “What predicts violent crime rates is concentrated poverty and neighborhood disadvantage, and what determines concentrated poverty is high levels of black segregation combined with high levels of black poverty,” said Douglas S. Massey, a sociology professor at Princeton University. In Chicago, homicide rates correspond with segregation. While many areas have few or no killings, the South and West Sides are on par with the world’s most dangerous countries, like Brazil and Venezuela, and have been for many years. STATEN ISLAND But segregation in New York is nothing like in Chicago: The perfectly isolated neighborhood – where every man, woman and child is the same race – is rare in New York. Less than one percent of the population lives in such areas, and most of them are white. In Chicago, 12 percent of the black population is in a census block group that is 100 percent black. Racially segregated minority neighborhoods have a long history of multiple adversities, such as poverty, joblessness, environmental toxins and inadequate housing, Professor Sampson said. In these places, people tend to be more cynical about the law and distrust police, “heightening the risk that conflictual encounters will erupt in violence.” “The major underlying causes of crime are similar across cities, but the intensity of the connection between social ills and violence seems to be more persistent in Chicago,” Professor Sampson said. “You don’t get that kind of extensive social and economic segregation in many other cities.” Sources: nyc.gov; City of Chicago Data Portal; Andrew Beveridge, socialexplorer.com; ​Federal Bureau of Investigation; Los Angeles Police Department; Bureau of Justice Statistics; New York Times/Kaiser Family Foundation Chicago poll; NYT-Siena NY poll. Write a one page critical analysis of the preceding article.

The weights of newborn baby boys born at a local hospital are believed to have a normal distribution with a mean weight of 3915 grams and a variance of 429,025. If a newborn baby boy born at the local hospital is randomly selected, find the probability that the weight will be less than 4570 grams. Round your answer to four decimal places.

"America was founded on the principle of property rights, that is, the right of the owner to do whatever he wanted with his property, whether that property was a cow, a slave, or a corporation employing millions. But what about the rights of the slave, the employee or, for that matter, and this is not covered in this course, the rights of the cow? But an economy ruled only by the rights of private property not only had no room for the rights of employees, but, when the free market or laissez faire economy (don’t worry, you will learn the meaning of these words) collapses, what should be the role of the government to bring the economy back to life, or to prevent the next collapse? That brings in the idea of government regulation of the economy, and the debate over the rightness or wrongness, the wisdom or foolishness of government intervention in the economy that has dominated American politics since the days of Hamilton and Jefferson until today’s political struggles between conservatives and progressives. Prepare to have your fundamental ideas about the economy shaken, strengthened, or even changed by the debates you will be following in this last part of the course."

What is the appropriate role of government in a modern capitalist economy?

Staples, the inventor of the office supply superstore category, opened its first store in 1986 in Framington, Massachusetts. The company targeted small to medium-size businesses selling everything for the office under one large roof. Between 1986 and 1996 Staples expanded rapidly by the addition of new stores, acquisition of existing office supply companies by region, and international expansion through joint ventures. In 1996, its tenth anniversary, sales exceeded $3 billion—only the sixth company in U.S. history to achieve this level of sales within the first 10 years of operation. In the second half of the 1990s, Staples embarked upon a very aggressive marketing strategy. With the company slogan, “Yeah, we’ve got that” at the focus, it launched staples.com and staplesLink.com for contract customers. It produced catalog editions for both the United States and Europe. Staples integrated its e-commerce site into the retail store locations. It signed a contract for naming rights to the Staples Center in Los Angeles, which was home to several athletic teams, including the NBA’s L.A. Lakers, and special entertainment events like the Grammy Awards. Staples sponsored recycling projects for both paper and ink cartridges. In 2000, Staples launched the Staples Foundation for Learning to support organizations that “teach, train, and inspire.” However, all was not well with this corporate giant. The slogan, “Yeah, we’ve got that” was no longer resonating with customers. Office Depot, a key competitor, was poised to overtake Staples as the #1 office supply retailer and additional competition from retailers like Walmart and Best Buy was cutting further into market share. After extensive market research including focus groups and interviews, Staples’ management found that price was not a major consideration for customers—they wanted a simple, straightforward shopping experience. They wanted knowledgeable and helpful associates and hassle-free shopping. Staples simplified store organization and created a tagline and icon to match those changes. “That was easy!” and the Easy Button reflected a simplified shopping experience and was complementary to the corporate brand promise, “Staples. We make buying office products easy.” For the 2009 back-to-school program, Staples focused on television. It revived “The Most Wonderful Time of the Year” spot and the mom-and-teen targeted Easy Button. In addition, it used public relation campaigns (“Do Something 101” to encourage donating school supplies for needy children), promotional partnerships (with Bed Bath & Beyond in a “Shop Smart for College” promotion), online display, social media, and event sponsorship—all to drive its back-to-school message. Product placement embedded in TV’s The Office, direct mail pieces, and its tiered loyalty program, Staples Rewards, continue to target the core customer, the small to medium-size business.

-Identify the major elements of the communication mix for Staples.

-Describe how each element is being used for pull strategy and/or push strategy.

-How would you define Staples’ targeted market(s)?

-Do you think Staples has created a strategy that communicates one consistent message? Explain.

-Is the message relevant to the target market? Explain.

In much of Asia and Latin America, companies that are parts of family groups comprise a large percentage of publicly traded companies. From a corporate governance standpoint, which of the following would concern you the most at these companies?

• A. They will make decisions that are in the best interests of the family group, rather than in the best interests of the company
• B. They will pay out too much in dividends.
• C. They will make decisions that are in the best interests of the company, rather than in the best interests of the family group.
• D. They will be too aggressive, in seeking out growth and investments.
• E. They will not borrow enough money to fund operations.

You run a school in Florida. Fixed monthly cost is $5,130.00 for rent and utilities, $6,403.00 is spent in salaries and $1,689.00 in insurance. Also every student adds up to $97.00 per month in stationary, food etc. You charge $612.00 per month from every student now.

You are considering moving the school to another neighborhood where the rent and utilities will increase to $10,467.00, salaries to $6,335.00 and insurance to $2,027.00 per month. Variable cost per student will increase up to $175.00 per month. However you can charge $1,035.00 per student. At what point will you be indifferent between your current mode of operation and the new option?