1. You were trying to produce a hydrophilic protein from E coli, but the protein you produced is inactive (misfolded) due to a disulfide bond formed between two cysteine residues that are not found in the native form. Your professor suggests you to co-express this protein with a folding assistant enzyme to improve its activity.

(a) Which enzyme is it? (0.4 pt)

(b) What are the functions of this enzyme? Please describe two aspects and indicate which sub-form execute which aspect of the function. (0.6 pt)

(c) What structural features allow them to work on many different clients? (0.5 pt)

please answer 1-6 :)

1. Choose the CORRECT enzyme–substrate pair from the pentose phosphate pathway.

a. transaldolase – xylulose 5-phosphate

b. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase – 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone

c. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase – 6-phosphoglucono-δ-lactone

d. transketolase – xylulose 5-phosphate

e. lactonase – ribulose 5-phosphate

2. Choose the enzymes that catalyze reactions with concomitant formation of NADPH.

a. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactonase

b. transketolase and transaldolase

c. phosphofructokinase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

d. glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

e. phosphopentose epimerase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

3. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is highly specific for:

a. NADH.

b. NADP+.

c. ADP.

d. NAD+.

e. NADPH.

4. In what tissues is the pentose phosphate pathway active? Select all that apply.

a. pancreas

b. liver

c. red blood cells

d. mammary gland

e. muscle

5. When both NADPH and ATP are required, the intermediates from the pentose phosphate pathway:

enter glycolysis.

restore glucose 6-phosphate by entering the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.

enter gluconeogenesis.

restore glucose 6-phosphate by entering the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.

enter the citric acid cycle.

6. What are the concomitant products of the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to pyruvate in mode 4 of the pentose phosphate pathway? Select all that apply.

NADPH

CO2

ADP

ATP

NADH

Which of the following statements about the triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue is correct?

a. they are hydrolyzed to form directly fatty acids and dihydroxyacetone

b. they are hydrolyzed by a lipase that is activated by acetylation

c. they release fatty acids that can be oxidized to pyruvate to provide energy to the cell

d. they can yield a precursor of glucose

		e. they are mobilized by insulin please explain!!

Describe in words how fatty acids are released in the body AND how fatty acids arrive at the appropriate cellular location for use (no structures). Beginning from this point, provide the details in words (names of structures, enzymes, cofactors, etc.) for one round of fatty acid degradation.  Include the tissue and cellular locations for each part of the process of harvesting fatty acids for energy. What pathway does the primary product enter next? Provide details in words (names of structures, enzymes, cofactors, etc.) for the reaction steps where carbon leaves the pathway. You don't have to go over the entire pathway – only the steps where carbon is lost.

1. What does the term omega mean with respect to fatty acids? Describe the roles of omega fatty acids in disease prevention.

2. What are the differences between saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids?

3. Describe the structure of a triglyceride.

4. Trace the steps in fat digestion, absorption, and transport. Describe the role cholesterol has in the body.

5. What are the three forms of vitamin A and their function? What is the role of vitamin A in vision, protein synthesis, and cell differentiation?

6. What are the roles of vitamin D in the body?

7. What are the roles of vitamin E in the body?

8. What is an antioxidant and its role in disease and cancer? Which foods are rich in these?

1. The table below is the experimental pH values for the solutions of 0.1M. Use the table to answer the following questions:

Solution (0.1 M)	Observed pH
Sodium Acetate	7.35
Calcium Formate	6.65
Sodium Hydrogenate Phosphate	9.03
Formic Acid	2.57
Acetic Acid	2.88
Sodium Dihydrogen Phosphate	4.48
Hydrochloric Acid	1.44
Hydrobromic Acid	1.37
Nitric Acid	1.35
Sodium Nitrate	4.18
Sodium Chloride	5.25
Sodium Bromide	5.45
DI Water	6.50
Tap Water	5.75

a)Which set of solutions that you measured are strong acids? Explain your choice based on the observed pH.

b)Which set of solutions that you measured are the cconjugate bases of strong acids? Explain your choice based on the observed pH.

c)Which set of solution are the weak acids? Explain your choice based on the observed pH.

d) Which set of solutions that you measured are the conjugate bases of the weak acids? Explain youe choice based on the observed pH.

Please Describe AND diagram when and how six carbons in glucose are all transferred and released, and in what form (molecule), from glycolysis through the Krebs (TCA) cycle. What else happens each time carbons are released?

please answer all 15 questions if u cant answer all then please let someone else answer it. thanks.

Histones are proteins associate with which of the following?

Blood

Hair Follicle

DNA

Sperm

2. Skip
3. Which of the following organs releases Bicarbonate as a response release of secretine by duodenum?

Liver

Pancreas

Gall Bladder

Spleen

4. Which of the following describes a process that occurs along the proximal tubules of nephron?

Toxins in the filtrate are detoxified

Glucose, lactate, and amino acids are reabsorbed

Altered filtrate leaves the urinary system in the body

Urea is actively reabsorbed

5. Using the equation PH = -log (H+) a solution with a (H+)=10^-9M has a PH of which of the following?

1

10

5

9

6. Which of the following central nervous system releases chemical that regulate the pituitary gland?

Cerebellum

Spinal cord

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

7. Which of the following organic molecules contain both amine and carboxyl group?

Proteins

Lipids

Cellulose

Chitin

8. Which of the following pathways best represents the expected follow of blood from the human heart to an organ?

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that than narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters the arterioles that than merge to form arteries that deliver blood to organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters veins that than narrow to form venules that deliver blood to arteries of the organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that than form veins that deliver blood to organ.

9. Which of the following occurs during inhalation?

The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

The ribcage lowers

Air moves areas of the low pressure to areas of high pressure

The diaphragm moves downward

10. Sunlight can damage epithelial cells of the skin, but limited exposure of uv radiation results in the beneficial of production of which of the following?

Vitamin D

Vitamin B

Vitamin A

Vitamin k

11. Which of the following skin layers contains dead cells?

Stratum corneum

Stratum basale

Reticular Layer

Papillary layer

12. Which of the following describes the function of neuron?

Stores potassium ions

Creates electrical impulses

Provide electro light

Transmit Sensory

13. skip
14. The process by which gamtes combine to form a zygote is called which of the following?

Parthenogenesis

Meiosis

Fertilization

Mitosis

15. In plant and which Fuzzy leaves F are dominate over smooth leaves f, which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?

Ff x Ff

FF X FF

Ff x ff

Ff x ff

1. Histones are proteins associate with which of the following?

Blood

Hair Follicle

DNA

Sperm

2. Skip
3. Which of the following organs releases Bicarbonate as a response release of secretine by duodenum?

Liver

Pancreas

Gall Bladder

Spleen

4. Which of the following describes a process that occurs along the proximal tubules of nephron?

Toxins in the filtrate are detoxified

Glucose, lactate, and amino acids are reabsorbed

Altered filtrate leaves the urinary system in the body

Urea is actively reabsorbed

5. Using the equation PH = -log (H+) a solution with a (H+)=10^-9M has a PH of which of the following?

1

10

5

9

6. Which of the following central nervous system releases chemical that regulate the pituitary gland?

Cerebellum

Spinal cord

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

7. Which of the following organic molecules contain both amine and carboxyl group?

Proteins

Lipids

Cellulose

Chitin

8. Which of the following pathways best represents the expected follow of blood from the human heart to an organ?

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that than narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters the arterioles that than merge to form arteries that deliver blood to organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters veins that than narrow to form venules that deliver blood to arteries of the organ.

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that than form veins that deliver blood to organ.

9. Which of the following occurs during inhalation?

The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

The ribcage lowers

Air moves areas of the low pressure to areas of high pressure

The diaphragm moves downward

10. Sunlight can damage epithelial cells of the skin, but limited exposure of uv radiation results in the beneficial of production of which of the following?

Vitamin D

Vitamin B

Vitamin A

Vitamin k

11. Which of the following skin layers contains dead cells?

Stratum corneum

Stratum basale

Reticular Layer

Papillary layer

12. Which of the following describes the function of neuron?

Stores potassium ions

Creates electrical impulses

Provide electro light

Transmit Sensory

13. skip
14. The process by which gamtes combine to form a zygote is called which of the following?

Parthenogenesis

Meiosis

Fertilization

Mitosis

15. In plant and which Fuzzy leaves F are dominate over smooth leaves f, which of the following crosses will produce only offspring with smooth leaves?

Ff x Ff

FF X FF

Ff x ff

Ff x ff

When glucose is transported into liver cells, it is modified.

A. Name the type of modification to glucose. ________________________________________________________________________

B. In which part of liver cell does this modification occur? ________________________________________________________________________

C. Name the enzyme in liver cells responsible for this modification. ________________________________________________________________________

D. Name the enzyme in brain and muscle cells with the same activity. ________________________________________________________________________

E. What is the significance of this type of modification? ______________________________________________________