1a) what is the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate?

b) Describe how the enzyme structure is effected:

1. i) below the optimal temperature

ii)above the optimal temperature?  

c)Why is enzyme activity reduced at pH values above or below the optimum? How does the enzyme structure change at non-optimum pH?

What is it called the enzyme that catalyzes the transcription in the prokaryotes? and what features does it have in the process? Also explain which subunits the enzyme consists of, and what functions the sigma (σ) subunit has in the process?

What is a gene and how does the enzyme that catalyzes transcription find the start of the gene?

What is the DNA chain/thread read in the transcript?

Do the eukaryotes also have only one enzyme that catalyzes the transcription of RNA?

How are the eukaryotic primary mRNA transcripts processed before they can be transported from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytosol?

A particular enzyme has a MW of 40,000 and its substrate a MW of 54. A. If 10 μg of enzyme converts the substrate into product at a rate of 0.32 g of substrate per minute at Vmax, what is the Turnover Number (kcat) of this enzyme in sec-1? B. Given that the KM value is 2.5 mM, has this enzyme reached catalytic perfection? (ANS: kcat = 4.0 105 s-1 ; kcat/KM = 1.6 x 108 M-1 s-1 , Yes, this is close to the diffusion controlled limit.) Please show all your work

1. ) The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) contains three sections: critical reading, mathematics and writing. Each part is scored on a 500-point scale. Information on test scores for the 2018 version of SAT is available at the College Board website. Find the sample of SAT scores for 5 students bellow.

                                                                                                                       ANOVA Table

                SAT scores - 2018

1. (9pt) Conduct a Fisher’s LSD test allowing for 1% error.

2. (4pt) The level of difficulty for all the three sections of the SAT measured by the score are supposed to be the same. Do you agree with this after the results of the LSD test? WHY? Be specific for full credit.

13.

A) A change to a single base pair in the sequence of a DNA molecule is called a ______ mutation.

B) If that single nucleotide change results in a protein with the exact same amino acid sequence it is called a _________ mutation.

C) If the base pair change results in an alteration of the amino acid sequence of the protein it is called a ___________ mutation.

D) If the base pair changes results in a codon for an amino acid being changed into a stop codon it is called a ________ mutation.

The following table presents the forecasted cash flows for Project A and Project B. These two projects are mutually exclusive. Construct a NPV profile to illustrate whether the project choice is dependent upon the discount rate. Your NPV profile should include the following information:

a) The NPV of both projects at discount rates of 0%, 10%, and 20%,

b) The IRR of both projects,

c) The incremental IRR (crossover rate) for the two projects (if it exists). Clearly explain the conclusions to be drawn from the NPV profile.

Professor Wendy Smith has been offered the following​ opportunity: A law firm would like to retain her for an upfront payment of $ 49000. In​ return, for the next year the firm would have access to eight hours of her time every month. As an alternative payment​ arrangement, the firm would pay Professor​ Smith's hourly rate for the eight hours each month. ​ Smith's rate is $ 545 per hour and her opportunity cost of capital is 15 % per year. What does the IRR rule advise regarding the payment​ arrangement? (Hint: Find the monthly rate that will yield an effective annual rate of 15 %​.) What about the NPV​ rule?

Da Vinci's Mona Lisa was assessed for insurance in 1962 and it was valued at around 110 million. If the CPI in 1962 was 28.152 and the CPI in September 2020 is 258.310. What is the value of the Mona Lisa in September 2020 dollars?

1. 3,096.70 million

2. 1,009.32 million

3. 660.00 million

4. 11.99 million

How do you rate the acidity from highest to lowest for acids ( carboxylic acids and alcohol) ?

How do you rate nucleophilic strength ?

How do you rate the reactivity of a carbonyl receiving a backside attack?

how do you rate the boiling points of carboxylic acids, amides, esters, alcohols

rank solubility of carbaldehyde , carboxyilic acid ester in water