Identify a theory used to guide current research in a discipline of interest. (Summarize the origins of the theory. Summary includes year, author, and original purpose of theory)

List and define 3 of the theory’s constructs and describe the relationship among the constructs.

. What issues are most important when recruiting participants for an experiment? Include ethical issues that should be addressed.

What are differences between random selection and random assignment?

What is an independent-groups experiment? Describe two procedures for random assignment used in an independent-groups experiment.

What is a dependent-groups experiment? Describe two procedures for random assignment used in a dependent-groups experiment.

Indicators

Starch and maltose when dissolved in water are colorless. To determine if starch or maltose are present chemical indicators must be used for the researcher to qualitatively visualize the presence of starch and maltose. The indicators used in this experiment are listed below.

• IKI (potassium iodide) starch test is an indicator of starch. In a positive IKI test a blue-black color change occurs, even if the blue-black color disappears after the addition of IKI. A negative result is recorded if a blue-black color is not observed.

Experimental Procedure

Due to Covid-19 this experiment is taking place at the home of Dr. Amanda Vega using basic kitchen supplies and mail order enzyme kit. The experiment was filmed and uploaded to Youtube. The experiment is being conducted at room temperature and is being conducted as a spot plate analysis

What is a spot plate analysis? A spot plate is typically a ceramic rectangle glass with depressions through the ceramic plate. The depressions, called wells, are loaded with the desired chemical reagents and then are checked for results using a color indicator. In the absence of owning a spot plate, the spot plate analysis was used on a clean kitchen cutting board.

1. Prior to starting the experiment video make a hypothesis for how pH will affect salivary amylase’s ability to chemically digest starch. Record your answers in table 1 below.

2. Watch the video by visiting the link below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0uhLf_h_Ks

3. Fill in the reagents placed in each spot of the cutting board in table 2 below.

4. Record the results of the IKI starch test as positive, negative, or partially negative for starch in table 3 on the next page.

This is the answer to table 1

Table 1: Hypothesis on how pH will affect salivary amylase’s ability to chemically digest starch

The optimal pH for an amylase starch reaction is pH 7. PH values below or above the value can result in a slower reaction rate. Amylase acts in the pH 3 to pH 11 range. Extremely high or low pH values result in a total loss of activity of the enzymes.

Table 2: Chemical reagents in spot of the cutting board spot plate

Record the results of the IKI starch test as positive, negative, or partially negative for starch in table 3 on the next page.

Table 3: Results of the Experiment

I didn't answer for table 2 and 3

Thank you

3. The following training dataset is “reading email dataset”.

This dataset has four features as follows: author, thread, length, and where to read the mail. According to the features the algorithm has to predict the user’s action whether to read or skip the mail.

Use Naïve Bayes classifier to predict the user’s action (skips or reads) when the author of the mail is known, the thread of the mail is follow up, the length of the mail is short, and where to read the email is home.

1. (35 points) Write a Python code to implement a naïve Bayesian classifier to predict the user’s action (skips or reads) when the author of the mail is known, the thread of the mail is follow up, the length of the mail is short, and where to read the email is home. (Do not use Scikit-Learn)
2. (35 points) Use Scikit-Learn to predict the user’s action (skips or reads) when the author of the mail is known, the thread of the mail is follow up, the length of the mail is short, and where to read the email is home.

Hint in authors feature you can use 0, 1 instead of unknown and known. In thread feature you can use 0, 1 instead of follow up and new. In length feature you can use 0, 1 instead of short and long. In where to read feature you can use 0, 1 instead of home, work. In the target you can use 0 instead of skips and 1 instead of reads.

Alfred E. Old and Beulah A. Crane, each age 42, married on September 7, 2014. Alfred and Beulah will file a joint return for 2016. Alfred's Social Security number is 111-11-1112. Beulah's Social Security number is 123-45-6789, and she adopted “Old” as her married name. They live at 211 Brickstone Drive, Atlanta, GA 30304. Alfred was divorced from Sarah Old in March 2014. Under the divorce agreement, Alfred is to pay Sarah $1,250 per month for the next 10 years or until Sarah's death, whichever occurs first. Alfred pays Sarah $15,000 in 2016. In addition, in January 2016, Alfred pays Sarah $50,000, which is designated as being for her share of the marital property. Also, Alfred is responsible for all prior years' income taxes. Sarah's Social Security number is 123-45-6788. Alfred's salary for 2016 is $150,000, and his employer, Cherry, Inc. (Federal I.D. No. 98-7654321), provides him with group term life insurance equal to twice his annual salary. His employer withheld $24,900 for Federal income taxes and $8,000 for state income taxes. The proper amounts were withheld for FICA taxes. Beulah recently graduated from law school and is employed by Legal Aid Society, Inc. (Federal I.D. No. 11-1111111), as a public defender. She receives a salary of $40,000 in 2016. Her employer withheld $7,500 for Federal income taxes and $2,400 for state income taxes. The proper amounts were withheld for FICA taxes. Beulah has $2,500 in qualified dividends on Yellow Corporation stock she inherited. Alfred and Beulah receive a $1,900 refund on their 2015 state income taxes. They itemized deductions on their 2015 Federal income tax return (total of $15,000). Alfred and Beulah pay $4,500 interest and $1,450 property taxes on their personal residence in 2016. Their charitable contributions total $2,400 (all to their church). They paid sales taxes of $1,400, for which they maintain the receipts. Both spouses had health insurance for all months of 2016 and do not want to contribute to the Presidential Election Campaign. Compute the Olds' net tax payable (or refund due) for 2016. If you use tax forms for your solution, you will need Form 1040 and Schedules A and B. Suggested software: H&R BLOCK Tax Software.

Determine the number of moles of copper in the copper gluconate using your results.

experiment 1: determining the chemical formula for copper gluconate

Data Sheet

Table 2: Mass

Table 3: Givens

Table 4: Unknowns

Let Vand W be vector spaces over F, and let B( V, W) be the set of all bilinear forms f: V x W ~ F. Show that B( V, W) is a subspace of the vector space of functions 31'( V x W).

Prove that the dual space B( V, W)* satisfies the definition of tensor product, with respect to the bilinear mapping b: V x W -> B( V, W)* defined by b(v, w)(f) =f(v, w), f E B(V, W), V E V, W E W.

You performed this test cross and obtained these numbers of progeny gamete as follows:

Trihybrid Tester

v+/v. b / b+. p / p+ (♀) x v / v. b / b. p / p (♂)

Progeny

V b+ p+ 580

V+ b p 592

v b p+ 45

V+ b+ p 40

v b p 89

V+ b+ p+ 94

v b+ p 3

v+ b p+ 5

Total 1448

Compute the map distances between the loci and draw a linkage map from this information

EXPERIMENT #4 – PREPARATION OF o-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID

1. PREPARE A SOLUTION OF CuCl AS FOLLOWS: Dissolve CuSO4∙5H2O (2.34 g) and pure NaCl (0.62 g) in water (8 mL) in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Warm on a hot plate to dissolve. Add a solution of sodium bisulphite (0.56 g) in water (6 mL) to the hot solution, with constant shaking over a period of about 5 minutes. Cool to room temperature in an ice bath, and decant the supernatant liquid from the colourless CuCl. Wash the precipitate twice by decantation with water containing a little (approximately 1% (v/v) solution) sulphurous acid (HSO3 ‐ + H+ →H2SO3), to prevent oxidation. Dissolve the CuCl in concentrated HCl (4 mL). Stopper the flask and cool in an ice‐salt mixture (0‐5oC) while the diazonium salt is being prepared.

2. PREPARE A DIAZONIUM SALT AS FOLLOWS: In a 125 mL conical flask, dissolve o‐ aminobenzoic acid (anthranilic acid, 0.94 g) in a solution containing conc. HCl (1.4 mL) and water (8.2 mL). Cool the solution to 0 oC. Slowly add a cold solution of NaNO2 (0.46 g) in water (1.6 mL). Do not allow the temperature to rise above 10 oC during this procedure. Add a small amount of urea (a few crystals) to the mixture and cool the resulting solution in an ice bath.

3. PREPARE o-CHLOROBENZOIC ACID AS FOLLOWS: Transfer the cold CuCl solution to a 150 mL beaker. Slowly add, with stirring (use long glass rod), the cold diazonium salt solution to the cold CuCl solution. Watch for foaming. Allow the mixture to stand for 20 minutes at room temperature with frequent stirring. Vacuum filter the precipitated o-chlorobenzoic acid and wash the product with a small amount of cold water.

4. RECRYSTALLIZE AS FOLLOWS: Clean the Buchner funnel and place it along with a 500 mL vacuum flask into the oven at 105 oC. In a 150 mL beaker, add the crude product, a small amount of charcoal, water (~20 mL) and ethanol (~2.6 mL). Heat to a gentle boil, stirring the mixture periodically. When the product has dissolved, quickly filter through the hot Buchner funnel (PRERINSE FILTER PAPER WITH BOILING WATER) in order to remove the charcoal before the o‐chlorobenzoic acid is allowed to 26 crystallize. Allow to cool to room temperature. Vacuum filter the recrystallized product. Dissolve a few crystals of the product in ethanol and spot it on a TLC plate and label it “R”. Likewise dissolve a few crystals of anthranilic acid in ethanol and spot that on a TLC plate as well, labelling it as “SM”. Develop the TLC plate as usual, taking note of the solvent used. Determine the m.p. and percent yield of the dried product next week while doing experiment #5.

If the experiment were to be performed exactly this way, how would one determine the limiting reagent of the reaction for the percent yield calculation? What should be the limiting reagent of this reaction? When I ran this experiment, I was able to form 0.43 g of product.

Thanks for your help!