Satisfied with the great investigative work that you did in the town of Idyllic, you head for home. On your way, you stop for a rest in a nearby town, LessThanIdyllic. It is very similar to its sister town, with a population of Simploids that make the town population nearly as happy as in Idyllic. The biggest difference is that the parasitic Shamworms are endemic to LessThanIdyllic. Like Idyllic, the Simploids in LessThanIdyllic have been getting sick and the citizens are getting worried. Word of your investigation has reached the town and so you are approached by the mayor to see if you can determine if it is the town’s use of ZapWeedz in their public parks that is the reason that their Simploids are getting sick.

1. What is an appropriate null hypothesis for the experiment you will run in LessThanIdyllic? (1)

2. What is the independent variable? (1)

3. What is the dependent variable? (1)

4. What is the experimental treatment? (1)

5. What is the control treatment? (1)

6. What are two (2) other potentially confounding variables you will need to keep constant? (1)

Gillette Targets Emerging Markets'

As it entered the twenty-first century, Gillette faced a difficult choice. Should it continue targeting emerging markets or not? Its strategy to move aggressively into markets in the developing world and the former Soviet bloc had been hailed as a success only a few years before. Recent poor earnings, however, had management considering whether this choice had been a wise one.

The Boston-based firm was founded in 1895 and is still best known for its original products, razors and razor blades. By the end of the twentieth century, Gillette had grown into a global corporation that marketed. Its products in 200 countries and employed 44,000 people worldwide.

In the mid-1990s, Gillette targeted several key emerging markets for growth through product diversification. Among them were Russia. China, India and Poland. Russia was already a success story. Gillette had formed a Russian joint venture in St.Petersburg and within 3 years Russia had become Gillette's third-largest blade market.

Gillette's move into the Czech Republic had prospered as well and in 1995 Gillette bought Astra as a private Razor Blade Company. Astra gave Gillette expanded brand presence in the Czech market. Astra's relatively strong position in export markets in East Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia proved a boon to Gillette in those markets as well. Just as in other markets in the developing world, 70 percent of East European blade consumers used the older, lowertech double-edge blade. In more developed markets, consumers appreciated product innovation and the shaving market had moved to more high-tech systems such as Gillettes Sensor.

Then disaster struck. A financial crisis that began in Thailand quickly spread across Asia. Many wary investors responded by pulling money out of other emerging markets as well depressing economies across the globe. Bad economies meant slower sales for Gillette, especially in Asia, Russia and Latin America. In Russia, consequently, these products disappeared from retail stores and Gillette's Russian sales plummeted 80 percent in a single month. Gillette found it could not meet its projected annual profit growth of 15-20 percent. The price of Gillette shares tumbled 36 percent in 6 months. To save money, Gillette planned to close 14 factories and layoff 10 percent of its workforce.

.

Despite its recent bad experience in developing countries and in the former Soviet bloc, Gillette was still moving ahead with plant expansion plans in Russia and Argentina that would total $64 million. Some even suggested that this was a good time to expand in the emerging markets by buying up smaller competitors that had been hurt even worse by the crises. Meanwhile, back in the developed world, another large global consumer products firm, Unilever, announced that it would be entering the razor market.

Questions

1. Why Companies such as Gillette engage in international business? Give some reasons.
2. What are the global strategic issues to be considered by the managers of Gillette when expand their operation in emerging market? Briefly explain.
3. How the external environment affects the Gillette’s international operations in emerging market?

Survey on Domestic Violence on women and young girls within the Religion and Culture group especially in Indian country and third world

A brief summary about ExxonMobil.
year founded
major operations
market position
management

company overview

In recent months, two new stores have opened in town. Each claims to have the best selection for the best price! Use the shopping list below to make a decision about which grocery store you would choose to patron if you were interested in maximizing the number of items you can buy for the least amount of money.

Shopping List:Tide Original High Efficiency Liquid Laundry Detergent, 100 oz;

Bounce Fabric Softener Dryer Sheets, Outdoor Fresh, 240 sheets;

Pantene Pro-V Classic Clean Shampoo, 20.1 fl oz;

Listerine Cool Mint Antiseptic Mouthwash Oral Care And Breath Freshener, 1.5 L;

Olay Moisturizing Face Lotion for Sensitive Skin, 6.0 fl oz;

Opti-Free Pure Moist Contact Solution, 20 fl oz;

Windex Original Glass Cleaner Spray, 23 fl oz;

Febreze Fabric Refresher with Gain Original, 27 oz;

Folgers Gourmet Supreme Dark Roast Ground Coffee, 24.2 oz;

LEGO Creator Mighty Dinosaurs 31058

Find the median of money spent on items ON THE SHOPPING LIST for both Company A and Company B.

Important!: The shopping list only has 10 items; whereas, the entire list has 30 items.

Median cost of items for Company A on the shopping list: (Go to two decimal places):$

Median cost of items for Company B on the shopping list: (Go to two decimal places):$

Ventram, Inc. decided to open a new retail outlet in a neighboring town.  On January 1, 2019, Ventram took out a $400,000 construction loan and purchased the land on January 15, 2019.  Construction for the new store began on March 1, 2019.  The company expected to complete construction in early 2020.  Information about 2019 construction expenditures and details about Ventram’s debt structure are included below.

What was the total weighted average accumulated expenditure for the Ventram project? What was the weighted average interest rate on general debt (non-project specific)?

a. $379,167; 8.83%

b. $404,167; 9.00%

c. $404,167; 7.70%

d. $550,000: 8.83%

e. $379,167: 7.70%

1. When the first people arrived, the new town of Las Venturas benefitted from an abundant water supply thanks to regular precipitation runoff and the nearby Buenaventura river. However, 70 years later the City of Las Venturas - that now straddles the river - faces growing water stress. Describe and explain two possible causes of this change. [2 Marks]

2. Summarize the personal water footprint you calculated as a part of the Lab #6 pre-lab activity. Based on the results of the extended estimate, what are the three most effective actions that you would be willing to take to lower your personal water footprint. Which of the blue, green, and grey components of your water footprint would each of these actions most reduce? Reflect honestly on how successful you would be likely to be in making such an attempt to reduce your water use. [4 Marks]

Use this to answer questions: Teachers in 1 middle school learned about the positive effects of writing praise notes to students, which is 1 component of a positive behavior support. The authors intended for this procedure to promote a positive school environment and reinforce the appropriate use of social skills. Also, the authors instructed the teachers to use a direct instruction model to teach social skills lessons during 1st-period classes and praise students when they effectively demonstrated these skills. The authors analyzed the data to determine whether students receiving praise notes were less likely to receive an office discipline referral (ODR). The data revealed a significant negative correlation between the number of praise notes and number of ODRs that students received, indicating that as praise notes increased, the rate of ODRs decreased. The authors provide several hypotheses for this relation.

EFFECTIVE SCHOOLWIDE MANAGEMENT of disruptive behaviors is an ongoing national concern (Lewis & Sugai, 1999; Scott, 2001; Turnbull et al., 2002). School violence, discipline, and safety have been among the top concerns for U.S. educators (American Federation of Teachers, 1995-1996; Elam, Rose, & Gallup, 1998; U.S. Department of Education, 1995, 2005). When addressing students with problem behaviors, many schools continue to rely on punitive strategies (e.g., office or administrative disciplinary interventions, suspensions, expulsions) that do little to create a safe and positive educational environment (Lewis & Garrison-Harrell, 1999). These types of interventions tend to be reactionary rather than preventive and proactive. In addition, these types of responses do little to teach new behaviors or to increase the likelihood that positive replacement behaviors would be used in the future (Knoff, 2003). Punitive disciplinary measures can certainly be one approach to behavior management, but if punishment is the only approach used, student behaviors are unlikely to change over the long term. When administrators and other school adults intentionally seek opportunities to build and strengthen adult-youth relationships, they may actually be decreasing the likelihood that students will act out in the future (Young, Black, Marchant, Mitchem, & West, 2000).

Method

Participants and Setting

Participants were 70 teachers (48 women, 22 men) and 1,809 sixth- and seventh-grade students (927 boys [51%], 882 girls [49%]; 86% Caucasian, 11% Hispanic, 1% Native American, and 1% Pacific Islander, African American, or Asian) at secondary schools in the western part of the United States. Approximately 39% of these students qualified for free or reduced-price lunch.

This school was in the 3rd year of implementing a schoolwide PBS model. A school planning committee-comprising school administration, selected teachers, and representatives from a local university-discussed concerns and developed schoolwide goals. School faculty and staff members addressed these goals by providing social skills lessons, instructing students on expectations for their behavior, and agreeing to increase positive feedback to students.

Procedure

We instructed the teachers that during this study, which was conducted across 2 consecutive school years, they were to write praise notes to students whose behavior exemplified schoolwide PBS goals. At the beginning of the school year, as a part of a 2-day PBS training sequence, teachers were taught how to effectively praise students. Teachers were given blank praise notes with instructions on how to fill them out.

Measures

Praise notes were printed in triplicate on no-carbonrequired paper. Students were given the original copy. Teachers turned in a copy for drawings and prizes; we used this copy for data analysis. Last, the third copy was given to parents during parent-teacher conferences. Praise note data (e.g., name of student, name of teacher, date, behavior for which the student was praised) were entered into a database. Fewer than 1% of notes were incomplete and therefore eliminated from the analyses.

We tracked students' ODRs using a district-maintained database and collected teacher-written praise notes for the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 school years. Praise note and ODR data were analyzed quantitatively using SPSS statistical analysis software (Version 15.0). The unit of analysis was number of praise notes written per day per 100 students. This measure allowed for all months to be compared equally despite differences in number of days per month. It was also consistent in the event of changes in student body size. The unit of analysis for ODRs was also number of ODRs written per 100 students per day. We used bivariate correlations to examine the relation between total praise notes written and number of ODRs for each month.

Over the course of this 2-year study, 14,527 praise notes were written, and 2,143 ODRs were recorded (see Figures 1 and 2). There was a significant negative correlation between the total number of praise notes written to the student body and the number of ODRs for the student body (r = -.551, p < .05), indicating that, as praise notes increased, ODR rates decreased. In addition, for the subgroup of students who received at least one ODR, there was a significant negative correlation between praise notes received and number of ODRs: As praise notes increased among students with at least one ODR, their rates of ODR decreased (r = -.553, p < .05).

The general aim of this study was to explore how teachers' use of praise notes to students demonstrating competency with social skills would influence ODRs. The results showed that praise notes and ODRs had a significant negative correlation: As praise notes increased, rates of ODR decreased. Hence, the data provide some evidence that increasing teacher praise notes may have been influencing the decrease in ODRs. However, more closely controlled research is needed.

As with any descriptive research, the results of this study should be considered as correlational-not causal-relations. There are several variables that could have contributed to a decrease in ODRs: Social skill instruction may have been a sufficient intervention to decrease ODRs. Also, ODRs may have decreased as administrators and teachers became more skilled in responding to behaviors that led to ODRs. It is also possible that in noticing and praising positive student behavior, teachers may have overlooked or become less focused on inappropriate behaviors. Although the cause of lower ODR rates cannot be determined by this descriptive study, it appears that teacher praise contingent upon the use of social skills had positive outcomes for students and for the overall school climate-reinforcing positive behaviors and decreasing rates of ODR.

Questions:

What statistical test was used in "Using Teacher-Written Praise Notes to Promote a Positive Environment in a Middle School?"

Did the authors use the correct statistical test? In other words, what was their rationale for using this test (i.e., were the variables discrete or continuous and was the test appropriate for this type of data?)

What was the research question? How did the statistical test address and answer the research question?

How did the authors interpret the results of this study?

Of 94 adults selected randomly from one town, 62 have health insurance. Find a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of all adults in the town who have health insurance.